Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between mass and weight as discussed in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Mass is the amount of matter in an object and does not change with location, while weight is the measurement of the pull of gravity and can change depending on location.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the four most common elements found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Calcium (Ca)

Question 3

An atom of sodium (Na) has 11 electrons. How many valence electrons does it have?

Accepted Answer

$1$

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why isotopes of an element have different mass numbers but the same chemical properties?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes have different numbers of neutrons, which affects their mass but not their chemical behavior.

Question 5

A neutral atom has 6 protons and 6 electrons. If it loses one electron, what is its resulting charge?

Accepted Answer

$+1$

Question 6

Which of the following best describes a compound?

Accepted Answer

A molecule that contains atoms of more than one element.

Question 7

Which type of chemical bond is formed when atoms share electrons in their valence shells?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 8

What is the main difference between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bonds involve unequal sharing of electrons due to differences in electronegativity, while nonpolar covalent bonds involve equal sharing.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in chemical reactions within the human body?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes act as catalysts by lowering the activation energy, allowing reactions to occur at normal body temperature and pH.

Question 10

Which of the following chemical reactions represents a synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

$A + B \rightarrow AB$

Question 11

A radioactive isotope is used in a PET scan to detect cancerous tissue. What property of radioactive isotopes makes them useful for this purpose?

Accepted Answer

They emit subatomic particles and energy that can be detected by imaging equipment.

Question 12

Which of the following is true about hydrogen bonds?

Accepted Answer

They are weak attractions between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom (such as oxygen or nitrogen) in another molecule.

Question 13

If a chemical reaction is reversible, which equation best represents this process?

Accepted Answer

$A + B \leftrightarrow AB$

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why water ($H_2O$) is considered a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

Because the oxygen atom is more electronegative and pulls shared electrons closer, creating regions of partial positive and negative charge.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about ions?

Accepted Answer

A cation is an ion with a net positive charge, and an anion is an ion with a net negative charge.

Question 16

During hydrolysis, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

A molecule of water is absorbed to break a larger molecule into smaller fragments.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the relationship between molecules and compounds?

Accepted Answer

All compounds are molecules, but not all molecules are compounds.

Question 18

Which equation correctly calculates the atomic mass of an atom?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{Atomic Mass} = 	ext{Number of Protons} + 	ext{Number of Neutrons}$

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-life example of a decomposition reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of starch into glucose during digestion.

Basic Chemistry for Anatomy & Physiology: Foundations for Understanding Biological Processes

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