Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between kinetic energy and potential energy in the context of human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Kinetic energy is the energy of movement or action, while potential energy is stored energy that has the potential to do work but is not currently active.

Question 2

A cyclist uses her legs to pedal a bicycle, converting chemical energy from food into another form of energy. Which type of energy is primarily produced by her muscles during this activity?

Accepted Answer

Mechanical energy

Question 3

Which of the following statements about chemical elements is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A chemical element is a unique substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means.

Question 4

Which subatomic particle is responsible for the chemical bonding between atoms?

Accepted Answer

Electrons

Question 5

A carbon atom has 6 protons and 6 neutrons. What is its atomic number and mass number?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number: 6, Mass number: 12

Question 6

Which of the following best describes an isotope?

Accepted Answer

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

Question 7

A solution is prepared by dissolving salt in water. In this example, which is the solute and which is the solvent?

Accepted Answer

Salt is the solute, water is the solvent.

Question 8

Which separation method would you use to separate the components of a mixture of sand and water?

Accepted Answer

Evaporation or filtration

Question 9

Which type of chemical bond is formed when electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 10

Which of the following molecules is nonpolar?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide ($\mathrm{CO_2}$)

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of a synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{A + B \rightarrow AB}$

Question 12

Why are most chemical reactions in the human body irreversible?

Accepted Answer

Because energy is released and/or products are removed from the reaction site, preventing the reverse reaction.

Question 13

Which factor will increase the rate of a chemical reaction in the body?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the temperature

Question 14

A mixture of oil and water is left to stand. Over time, the oil forms a separate layer on top of the water. This is an example of which type of mixture?

Accepted Answer

Suspension

Question 15

Which statement best explains why water is considered a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are shared unequally, resulting in a charge imbalance across the molecule.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a property of a compound?

Accepted Answer

Can be separated by physical means such as filtration.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes a colloid?

Accepted Answer

A mixture with particles that do not settle out and scatter light, creating the Tyndall effect.

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the mass number of an atom?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{Mass\ Number = Number\ of\ Protons + Number\ of\ Neutrons}$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

A weak bond between a hydrogen atom already covalently linked to an electronegative atom and another electronegative atom.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct example of an exchange reaction?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{AB + CD \rightarrow AD + CB}$

Basic Chemistry for Anatomy & Physiology: Matter, Energy, and Chemical Reactions

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