Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between mass and weight?

Accepted Answer

Mass is the amount of matter in an object and does not change with location, while weight is the measurement of the pull of gravity and can change depending on location.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the four most common elements found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Calcium (Ca)

Question 3

An atom of sodium (Na) has 11 electrons. How many valence electrons does it have?

Accepted Answer

1

Question 4

If an atom has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons, what is its atomic number and atomic mass?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number: 6, Atomic mass: 12

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why isotopes of an element behave similarly in chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes have the same number of protons and electrons, so their chemical properties are similar.

Question 6

A neutral atom loses one electron. What is the resulting charge and what is this ion called?

Accepted Answer

It becomes positively charged and is called a cation.

Question 7

Which type of chemical bond is formed when atoms share electrons in their valence shells?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 8

Water ($H_2O$) is considered a polar molecule because:

Accepted Answer

Oxygen has a stronger pull on shared electrons, creating regions of partial positive and negative charge.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

An attraction between a slight positive charge on a hydrogen atom and a slight negative charge on an oxygen or nitrogen atom in a nearby molecule.

Question 10

Which equation correctly represents a synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

$A + B \rightarrow AB$

Question 11

During hydrolysis, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

A molecule of water is added to break a larger molecule into smaller fragments.

Question 12

Which of the following is true about enzymes in chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction to occur.

Question 13

A radioactive isotope is useful in medical imaging because:

Accepted Answer

It emits energy that can be detected to visualize internal structures.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes a compound?

Accepted Answer

A molecule that contains atoms of more than one element.

Question 15

If a chemical reaction is reversible, which equation best represents this?

Accepted Answer

$A + B \rightleftharpoons AB$

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-world example of a decomposition reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of starch into glucose during digestion.

Question 17

Which statement about valence electrons is correct?

Accepted Answer

Valence electrons are found in the outermost shell and determine how atoms interact with other atoms.

Question 18

Which of the following is true about polar covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are shared unequally, resulting in regions of partial charge.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are essential for life?

Accepted Answer

They allow chemical reactions to occur at body temperature without the need for extreme conditions.

Question 20

A molecule of $O_2$ is considered:

Accepted Answer

A molecule but not a compound, because it contains two atoms of the same element.

Basic Chemistry Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

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