Question 1

Which of the following best explains why ATP is considered the 'energy currency' of the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in its phosphate bonds, and energy is released when these bonds are broken during metabolism.

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with a deficiency in iodine. Which physiological process is most likely to be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormone production

Question 3

Which of the following statements about organic and inorganic compounds is correct?

Accepted Answer

Organic compounds contain carbon and include lipids and nucleic acids.

Question 4

A molecule has 8 protons, 8 neutrons, and 8 electrons. What is its atomic number and net charge?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number: 8, Net charge: 0

Question 5

Which element is the most abundant by weight in the human body and is essential for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 6

A person is experiencing muscle cramps and irregular nerve function. Which element deficiency is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Potassium

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of calcium ($$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$}) in $$the human body?

Accepted Answer

It is important for bones, teeth, muscle contraction, and nerve signaling.

Question 8

Which subatomic particle determines the atomic number of an element?

Accepted Answer

Proton

Question 9

A biochemist is studying a molecule that is a major component of water and most organic molecules, and also influences pH. Which element is being studied?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of an inorganic compound found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Water

Question 11

If a molecule contains 12 protons, 12 neutrons, and 10 electrons, what is its net charge?

Accepted Answer

$$+2$$

Question 12

Which element is essential for hemoglobin function and oxygen transport in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Question 13

A patient has a genetic disorder affecting the synthesis of nucleic acids. Which element is most directly involved in this process?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorus

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the relationship between energy conversion and metabolism in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Energy conversion in metabolism depends on chemical reactions involving carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of sodium ($$\mathrm{Na^+}) in $$the human body?

Accepted Answer

Component of nucleic acids

Question 16

A student is asked to identify the subatomic particle with a negative charge and equal in strength to the positive charge of a proton. Which particle should they select?

Accepted Answer

Electron

Question 17

Which element is involved in enzyme activity and muscle contraction, and is present in the body at about 0.1% by weight?

Accepted Answer

Magnesium

Question 18

A person is unable to produce sufficient thyroid hormones. Which dietary supplement would most directly address this deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Iodine

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why water is classified as an inorganic compound?

Accepted Answer

It does not contain carbon.

Question 20

A patient with a diet lacking in phosphorus would most likely have problems with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Energy transfer and nucleic acid synthesis

Basic Chemistry in Anatomy & Physiology: Foundations, Elements, and Biological Relevance

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