Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a compound and a mixture in the context of body chemistry?

Accepted Answer

A compound is formed by chemical bonds between different elements, while a mixture involves physical intermixing without chemical bonding.

Question 2

Which element is NOT one of the four most abundant elements in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 3

A solution is defined as a homogeneous mixture. Which of the following is an example of a solution found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Blood plasma with dissolved glucose

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why sodium and potassium ions are essential for muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

They create electrical gradients necessary for the transmission of nerve impulses and muscle contraction.

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct representation of the dissociation of sodium chloride ($\mathrm{NaCl}$) in water?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{NaCl} \rightarrow \mathrm{Na^+} + \mathrm{Cl^-}$

Question 6

Which of the following statements about acids and bases is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Acids release hydrogen ions ($\mathrm{H^+}$) and bases release hydroxide ions ($\mathrm{OH^-}$) in solution.

Question 7

A patient presents with an arterial blood pH of 7.0. What does this indicate about their acid-base status?

Accepted Answer

They are experiencing acidosis, which can interfere with cell function and damage tissues.

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of an organic compound found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Glucose ($\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6}$)

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in the human body?

Accepted Answer

It is essential for cell membrane structure and is the raw material for steroid hormone synthesis.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct statement about the pH scale?

Accepted Answer

A solution with pH greater than 7 is basic (alkaline).

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates in the body?

Accepted Answer

They provide a ready, easily used source of cellular fuel.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct example of a decomposition reaction important for energy release in the body?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{ATP} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P_i}$

Question 13

Which of the following best describes a colloid found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Blood plasma with suspended proteins

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE about the structure of phospholipids in cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

They have a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Providing genetic instructions for cell division

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

DNA provides instructions for building every protein in the body.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct example of a buffer system in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Bicarbonate ion ($\mathrm{HCO_3^-}$) neutralizing excess acid

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the role of enzymes in body chemistry?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes govern all chemical reactions and are directed by DNA.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a suspension found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Blood with suspended red blood cells

Basic Principles of Chemistry for Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions