Question 1

Which layer of the arterial wall is the thickest, and what is its primary tissue type?

Accepted Answer

Tunica media; smooth muscle

Question 2

A patient is experiencing widespread vasodilation and a dramatic drop in blood pressure after a severe allergic reaction. What is the most likely physiological cause?

Accepted Answer

Massive histamine release

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the path of blood immediately after it leaves the right ventricle?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary trunk

Question 4

Which formula correctly calculates cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 5

During which phase of the cardiac cycle are all heart chambers relaxed and the AV valves open?

Accepted Answer

Diastole (passive ventricular filling)

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism that assists venous return to the heart?

Accepted Answer

Peristalsis

Question 7

Which event immediately follows the P wave on an ECG?

Accepted Answer

Atrial systole

Question 8

A patient has a persistent resting heart rate of 110 bpm. Which arrhythmia is this?

Accepted Answer

Tachycardia

Question 9

Which of the following statements about heart valves is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

AV valves open when atrial pressure exceeds ventricular pressure

Question 10

Which membrane type lines the pericardium and what is its main function?

Accepted Answer

Serous membrane; reduces friction and prevents overfilling

Question 11

Which vessel type has the highest blood pressure and why?

Accepted Answer

Arteries; they receive blood directly from ventricular ejection

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the cardiac conduction system?

Accepted Answer

SA node → AV node → AV bundle → Bundle branches → Purkinje fibers

Question 13

Which of the following would be a compensatory response to a sudden drop in blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Increased heart rate and vasoconstriction

Question 14

Which structure is the primary pacemaker of the heart?

Accepted Answer

SA node

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the chordae tendineae?

Accepted Answer

Prevent AV valves from inverting into the atria during ventricular contraction

Question 16

Which neurotransmitter is released by the parasympathetic nervous system to decrease heart rate?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 17

What is the main force driving fluid OUT of capillaries at the arterial end?

Accepted Answer

Hydrostatic pressure (filtration)

Question 18

Which heart sound is produced by the closing of the semilunar valves?

Accepted Answer

Second heart sound ("dub")

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the direction of blood flow in the heart?

Accepted Answer

Veins always return blood to the heart

Question 20

Which phase of the cardiac cycle is the longest during rest?

Accepted Answer

Diastole

BIO 104: The Cardiovascular System – Study Guide (Chapter 11)

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards