Q: A solution has a pH of 5. What is the hydrogen ion concentration $$[H^+] in $$moles per liter?

$$[H^+] = 1 \times 10$$^{-5}$$ M

Question 1

A patient is lying face up on an examination table with their palms facing forward. Which anatomical position and directional term best describes the location of the sternum relative to the heart?

Accepted Answer

The patient is in the supine position; the sternum is anterior to the heart.

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the role of the pancreas in the human body?

Accepted Answer

It functions as part of both the digestive system (by secreting digestive enzymes) and the endocrine system (by releasing hormones such as insulin).

Question 3

A patient suffers a spinal cord injury. Which body cavity and sub-cavity are directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Dorsal cavity; vertebral sub-cavity

Question 4

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates a negative feedback loop in homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

When blood glucose rises after a meal, insulin is released to lower glucose levels back to normal.

Question 5

A cell is placed in a solution and begins to swell and eventually bursts. Which term best describes the solution, and what is the direction of water movement?

Accepted Answer

The solution is hypotonic; water moves into the cell.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why cholesterol is an important component of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol stabilizes the membrane, making it less fluid at high temperatures and more fluid at low temperatures.

Question 7

Which of the following chemical equations represents a dehydration synthesis reaction forming a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + C_6H_{12}O_6$ \rightarrow C$$_{12}$$H_{22}O$$_{11} + H_2O$

Question 8

A solution has a pH of 5. What is the hydrogen ion concentration $$[H^+] in $$moles per liter?

Accepted Answer

$$[H^+] = 1 	imes 10$$^{-5}$$ M

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids contain only single bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids contain one or more double bonds.

Question 10

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 11

A scientist is studying the movement of oxygen across a cell membrane. Which process is most likely responsible for this movement, and what is required for it to occur?

Accepted Answer

Simple diffusion; requires a concentration gradient but no energy input

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT part of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 13

How many pairs of homologous chromosomes are present in a typical human somatic cell?

Accepted Answer

23 pairs

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the relationship between codons and anticodons during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Codons are found on mRNA and pair with complementary anticodons on tRNA.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are important in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

They act as catalysts, speeding up reactions by lowering the activation energy.

Question 16

A patient is experiencing difficulty breathing due to inflammation of the serous membrane surrounding the lungs. Which membrane is affected?

Accepted Answer

Pleura

Question 17

Which of the following best describes a gradient in physiology?

Accepted Answer

A difference in concentration, pressure, or electrical charge between two regions that drives movement.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a macromolecule with its building block?

Accepted Answer

Protein – amino acid

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

They assemble amino acids into proteins.

Question 20

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

The cell will shrink because water moves out of the cell.

BIO 109: Study Guide for Exam 1 – Introduction to Anatomy, Physiology, and Chemistry of Life

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