Question 1

Which of the following elements is most abundant in the human body and is represented by the symbol 'O'?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 2

A patient’s blood pH is measured at 6.2. Which statement best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

The blood is acidic, with a high concentration of $$\mathrm{H^+}$$ ions.

Question 3

Which monosaccharide is used by all body cells for energy production?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 4

Glycogen is primarily stored in which two organs of the human body?

Accepted Answer

Liver and skeletal muscle

Question 5

Which process describes the breakdown of glycogen into glucose?

Accepted Answer

Glycogenolysis

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Storage of genetic information

Question 7

Which component of the plasma membrane is responsible for forming a bilayer and providing a barrier to water-soluble substances?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids

Question 8

A red blood cell placed in a hypertonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Shrink due to water leaving the cell

Question 9

Which cell organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 10

Which transport process requires ATP and moves sodium ($$\mathrm{Na^+}) $$out of the cell while bringing potassium ($$\mathrm{K^+}) $$into the cell?

Accepted Answer

Sodium-potassium pump

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between negative and positive feedback loops in homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback reverses a change to maintain stability, while positive feedback amplifies a change.

Question 12

Which tissue type is specialized for contraction and movement?

Accepted Answer

Muscular tissue

Question 13

Which of the following is a characteristic of epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

It is avascular but has a nerve supply.

Question 14

Which cell junction would you expect to find in tissues that experience significant mechanical stress, such as cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

Desmosomes

Question 15

Which connective tissue cell is primarily responsible for producing collagen fibers?

Accepted Answer

Fibroblast

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the matrix of cartilage?

Accepted Answer

It is firm and flexible, rich in proteoglycans and collagen fibers.

Question 17

Which layer of the epidermis is only present in thick skin, such as the palms and soles?

Accepted Answer

Stratum lucidum

Question 18

A patient presents with yellowing of the skin and eyes. Which condition is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Jaundice

Question 19

Which type of skin cancer is considered the most deadly due to its high potential for metastasis?

Accepted Answer

Malignant melanoma

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) relieve inflammation?

Accepted Answer

They inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins by blocking the enzyme cyclooxygenase ($$\mathrm{COX}).$$

BIO 119 Exam 1 Study Guide – Step-by-Step Guidance

Study Guide - Practice Questions