Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of hematocrit?

$$\text{Hematocrit} = \frac{\text{Volume of red blood cells}}{\text{Total blood volume}} \times 100$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes a key difference between the nervous system and the endocrine system in controlling body functions?

Accepted Answer

The nervous system uses electrical impulses for rapid, short-term responses, while the endocrine system uses hormones for slower, long-lasting effects.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the four steps of hormone secretion?

Accepted Answer

Binding of the hormone to its receptor

Question 3

A patient is diagnosed with a disorder that impairs the function of their secondary endocrine organs. Which of the following organs is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Kidneys

Question 4

Hydrophobic hormones, such as steroid hormones, typically:

Accepted Answer

Bind to intracellular receptors and directly influence gene transcription.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why cortisol is sometimes called the 'stress hormone'?

Accepted Answer

It is released in response to stress and helps mobilize energy stores.

Question 6

A patient with Cushing syndrome is likely to exhibit which of the following symptoms due to excess cortisol?

Accepted Answer

Muscle wasting and increased abdominal fat

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the negative feedback loop for hormone regulation?

Accepted Answer

An increase in hormone levels inhibits further hormone release.

Question 8

A patient presents with symptoms of hyperthyroidism. Which of the following laboratory findings would you expect?

Accepted Answer

Increased levels of T3 and T4

Question 9

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 10

A person with type 1 diabetes mellitus is most likely to experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Destruction of pancreatic beta cells leading to decreased insulin secretion

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of erythropoietin?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow

Question 12

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of hematocrit?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Hematocrit} = \frac{	ext{Volume of red blood cells}}{	ext{Total blood volume}} 	imes 100$$

Question 13

A patient receives a transfusion of type A blood but is type O. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination and hemolysis due to anti-A antibodies in the recipient's plasma.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why individuals with blood type AB are considered universal recipients?

Accepted Answer

They lack both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in their plasma.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of platelets in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Initiating the coagulation cascade by adhering to damaged blood vessel walls

Question 16

A patient with a deficiency in vitamin K would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of excessive bleeding due to impaired synthesis of clotting factors

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the action of insulin on muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Promotes the uptake of glucose and synthesis of glycogen

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the pineal gland is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is located in the brain and regulates circadian rhythms by secreting melatonin.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus produces releasing and inhibiting hormones that regulate the secretion of hormones from the anterior pituitary.

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the formation of a blood clot (coagulation)?

Accepted Answer

Platelet adhesion → Thrombin activation → Fibrin formation

BIO 142 Unit 1: Endocrine System and Blood – Structured Study Notes

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