$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[\text{ion}]_{\text{outside}}}{[\text{ion}]_{\text{inside}}} \right)$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

It stores and releases calcium ions ($$Ca^{2+}) $$necessary for muscle contraction.

Question 2

A patient presents with loss of sensation in the anterior thigh. Which nerve is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Femoral nerve

Question 3

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the difference between myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers?

Accepted Answer

Myelinated fibers conduct impulses via saltatory conduction, increasing speed.

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential of an ion across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{outside}}}{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{inside}}} ight)$$

Question 5

A person touches a hot stove and quickly withdraws their hand. Which of the following best describes the neural pathway involved?

Accepted Answer

A polysynaptic reflex arc involving sensory neuron, interneuron, and motor neuron.

Question 6

Which of the following structures is responsible for maintaining dynamic equilibrium during rotation of the head?

Accepted Answer

Semicircular canals

Question 7

Which neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction to stimulate skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of the medulla oblongata?

Accepted Answer

It contains centers for cardiovascular, respiratory, and vomiting reflexes.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

Initiation of voluntary muscle movement

Question 10

A patient is unable to move their right arm after a stroke. Which part of the brain is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Left primary motor cortex

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why the optic nerve is considered a sensory nerve?

Accepted Answer

It carries visual information from the retina to the brain.

Question 12

Which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for hearing and balance?

Accepted Answer

Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct order of events at a chemical synapse?

Accepted Answer

Action potential arrival, calcium influx, neurotransmitter release, postsynaptic receptor activation

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of the corpus callosum?

Accepted Answer

It allows communication between the left and right cerebral hemispheres.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the occipital lobe?

Accepted Answer

Processing visual information

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division increases heart rate; parasympathetic division decreases heart rate.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the ependymal cells in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They line the ventricles and produce cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 18

Which of the following equations correctly represents Ohm's Law as applied to nerve conduction?

Accepted Answer

$$V = IR$$

Question 19

Which of the following is the only special sense that is not fully functional from birth?

Accepted Answer

Vision

Question 20

A patient has difficulty maintaining balance and equilibrium, especially when turning their head. Which structure is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Semicircular canals

BIO 162: Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, and Special Senses Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions