Q: Which equation best represents the conversion of cholesterol to Vitamin D in the skin upon exposure to UV light?

$\mathrm{7\text{-}dehydrocholesterol} \xrightarrow{UV\ light} \mathrm{cholecalciferol\ (Vitamin\ D_3)}$

Q: Which equation describes the Rule of 9's for estimating fluid loss in burn patients?

$\text{Total\ Body\ Surface\ Area\ Burned} = \text{Head} (9\%) + \text{Each\ Arm} (9\% \times 2) + \text{Each\ Leg} (18\% \times 2) + \text{Torso} (36\%) + \text{Genitals} (1\%)$

Q: Which equation best represents the relationship between osteoblast and osteoclast activity in maintaining bone mass?

$\text{Bone\ Mass} = \text{Osteoblast\ Activity} - \text{Osteoclast\ Activity}$

Question 1

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the continual production of new keratinocytes through mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Question 2

A patient presents with a red rash on the face, which is a classic sign of systemic lupus erythematosus. What is the physiological cause of this skin reddening?

Accepted Answer

Vasodilation leading to increased blood flow

Question 3

Which type of sweat gland is primarily responsible for body odor due to bacterial breakdown of its protein-rich secretions?

Accepted Answer

Apocrine sweat gland

Question 4

A surgeon plans an incision along a tension line in the skin. Why is this approach preferred?

Accepted Answer

It results in less noticeable scarring due to reduced pulling apart of the wound

Question 5

Which pigment is responsible for the yellowing of skin and sclera in jaundice, and what is its origin?

Accepted Answer

Bilirubin from heme breakdown of old RBCs

Question 6

Which structure in the skin is responsible for detecting deep pressure and vibration?

Accepted Answer

Pacinian corpuscles

Question 7

A person is exposed to cold temperatures. Which physiological response helps preserve core body temperature?

Accepted Answer

Vasoconstriction of skin blood vessels

Question 8

Which equation best represents the conversion of cholesterol to Vitamin D in the skin upon exposure to UV light?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{7	ext{-}dehydrocholesterol} \xrightarrow{UV\ light} \mathrm{cholecalciferol\ (Vitamin\ D_3)}$

Question 9

Which type of bone tissue is most effective at resisting multi-directional stress and provides space for hematopoiesis?

Accepted Answer

Spongy (trabecular) bone

Question 10

A post-menopausal woman is at increased risk for osteoporosis. Which hormonal change is primarily responsible for this increased risk?

Accepted Answer

Decreased estrogen

Question 11

Which process increases blood calcium levels, and which hormone is involved?

Accepted Answer

Bone resorption; Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 12

A patient suffers a third-degree burn. Which of the following is a major concern in the initial treatment?

Accepted Answer

Fluid loss and infection risk

Question 13

Which equation describes the Rule of 9's for estimating fluid loss in burn patients?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{Total\ Body\ Surface\ Area\ Burned} = 	ext{Head} (9\%) + 	ext{Each\ Arm} (9\% 	imes 2) + 	ext{Each\ Leg} (18\% 	imes 2) + 	ext{Torso} (36\%) + 	ext{Genitals} (1\%)$

Question 14

Which bone cell type is responsible for breaking down bone matrix during bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Question 15

Which type of ossification is responsible for the formation of flat bones of the skull directly from connective tissue membranes?

Accepted Answer

Intramembranous ossification

Question 16

A patient with brittle bone disease (osteogenesis imperfecta) is most likely deficient in which component of bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

Collagen fibers

Question 17

Which equation best represents the relationship between osteoblast and osteoclast activity in maintaining bone mass?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{Bone\ Mass} = 	ext{Osteoblast\ Activity} - 	ext{Osteoclast\ Activity}$

Question 18

Which anatomical feature allows the head to nod 'yes' and which allows it to rotate 'no'?

Accepted Answer

Atlas for 'yes'; Axis for 'no'

Question 19

Which hormone inhibits osteoclast activity, thereby decreasing blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin

BIO 201 Unit 2: Integumentary and Skeletal Systems Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards