Q: Which formula correctly estimates the total body surface area affected by burns using the Rule of 9's?

$\text{Total} = 4.5\% \text{(head)} + 18\% \text{(torso front)} + 18\% \text{(torso back)} + 9\% \text{(each arm)} + 18\% \text{(each leg)} + 1\% \text{(genitals)}$

Question 1

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for mitosis and the production of new skin cells?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Question 2

A patient presents with a yellowing of the skin and sclera. Which pigment is most likely responsible for this condition, and what is the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Bilirubin; liver dysfunction leading to jaundice

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why identical twins have unique fingerprints?

Accepted Answer

Environmental factors in the womb influence the final fingerprint pattern

Question 4

Which type of sweat gland is primarily responsible for evaporative cooling across most of the body?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine sweat gland

Question 5

A surgeon wants to minimize scarring when making an incision. According to the concept of tension lines, what should the surgeon do?

Accepted Answer

Make the incision parallel to tension lines

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct sequence of layers in the epidermis from superficial to deep?

Accepted Answer

Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

Question 7

A patient suffers a third-degree burn on their leg. Using the Rule of 9's, what percentage of their body surface area is affected?

Accepted Answer

$18\%$ for one leg, $36\%$ for both legs

Question 8

Which cell type is responsible for breaking down bone matrix and increasing blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Question 9

Which hormone stimulates osteoclast activity to increase blood calcium levels, and what is its source?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH); parathyroid glands

Question 10

A post-menopausal woman is at increased risk for osteoporosis. Which physiological change explains this increased risk?

Accepted Answer

Decreased estrogen allows excess bone resorption by osteoclasts

Question 11

Which process describes the formation of most bones in the human body, starting as hyaline cartilage and later ossifying?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification

Question 12

Which structure in compact bone allows osteocytes to communicate and exchange nutrients with the central canal?

Accepted Answer

Canaliculi

Question 13

A child is diagnosed with brittle bone disease (osteogenesis imperfecta). Which component of bone matrix is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Collagen fibers

Question 14

Which bone in the skull articulates with every other cranial bone and contains the sella turcica?

Accepted Answer

Sphenoid bone

Question 15

A patient presents with a bluish tint to their skin and lips. Which condition is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Cyanosis

Question 16

Which type of hair is most abundant on the fetus and serves to protect the skin before birth?

Accepted Answer

Lanugo

Question 17

Which anatomical feature allows the head to nod 'yes' and which allows it to rotate 'no'?

Accepted Answer

Atlas for 'yes', axis for 'no'

Question 18

Which formula correctly estimates the total body surface area affected by burns using the Rule of 9's?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{Total} = 4.5\% 	ext{(head)} + 18\% 	ext{(torso front)} + 18\% 	ext{(torso back)} + 9\% 	ext{(each arm)} + 18\% 	ext{(each leg)} + 1\% 	ext{(genitals)}$

Question 19

Which hormone is released in response to high blood calcium levels and what is its effect?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin; increases bone deposition

BIO 201 Unit 2: Integumentary and Skeletal Systems Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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