Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the levels of structural organization in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Tissues are groups of similar cells performing a function, and organs are made of two or more tissues working together.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing a rapid increase in body temperature due to an infection. Which feedback mechanism is most likely responsible for returning the temperature to normal?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback, which reverses the temperature change.

Question 3

During childbirth, uterine contractions intensify as oxytocin is released. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Positive feedback.

Question 4

Which component of a feedback mechanism is responsible for detecting a change in the environment?

Accepted Answer

Receptor.

Question 5

A cell placed in a hypertonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Shrink as water leaves the cell.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the structure of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A phospholipid bilayer with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails inward.

Question 7

Which transport process requires ATP and is used by cells to engulf large particles such as bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis.

Question 8

A gland that secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream is classified as:

Accepted Answer

Endocrine.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Abundant extracellular matrix.

Question 10

A patient with severe burns loses the protective function of the cutaneous membrane. Which of the following is a direct consequence?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of dehydration and infection.

Question 11

Which bone cell is primarily responsible for breaking down bone tissue during remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast.

Question 12

If a person has low blood calcium levels, which hormone will be released to restore balance, and what is its effect?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH); stimulates osteoclasts to increase blood Ca$$^{2+}.$$

Question 13

Which of the following correctly matches bone classification with an example?

Accepted Answer

Long bone – humerus.

Question 14

During fracture healing, which stage involves the formation of a soft callus composed of cartilage and fibers?

Accepted Answer

Fibrocartilaginous callus.

Question 15

Which of the following factors would most likely slow bone repair in an elderly patient?

Accepted Answer

Poor nutrition.

Question 16

A cell is placed in a solution where the solute concentration is equal inside and outside the cell. What is the expected outcome?

Accepted Answer

No net movement of water; cell remains unchanged.

Question 17

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between solute concentration and osmosis?

Accepted Answer

$$J = -D \frac{dC}{dx}$$

Question 18

Which tissue type is most abundant in the human body and contains a matrix of ground substance and fibers?

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue.

Question 19

A patient is diagnosed with osteoporosis, characterized by excessive bone resorption. Which cell type is most active in this condition?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts.

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of the integumentary system that involves a chemical reaction triggered by sunlight?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D synthesis.

BIO 202 – Lecture Exam #1 Study Guide: Structural Organization, Homeostasis, Cells, Tissues, Integumentary System, and Bones

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