Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of complement proteins in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

They enhance the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microbes and damaged cells via three pathways: classical, alternative, and lectin.

Question 2

A patient receives a vaccine for hepatitis B. Which immune response is primarily activated, and what is the expected outcome upon later exposure to the virus?

Accepted Answer

Secondary immune response; rapid and robust antibody production upon exposure.

Question 3

Which cell is most responsible for releasing histamine during an allergic reaction, and what is the effect?

Accepted Answer

Mast cell; increases vascular permeability and causes inflammation.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of the spleen?

Accepted Answer

Filtering lymph and removing pathogens.

Question 5

A patient has had their lymph nodes removed due to cancer. What is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Impaired immune surveillance and increased risk of infection.

Question 6

Which immunoglobulin is most abundant in blood and is responsible for long-term immunity?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 7

Which equation represents the relationship between pressure and volume in the lungs according to Boyle's Law?

Accepted Answer

$$P_1$$ $$V_1$$ = $$P_2$$ $$V_2$$

Question 8

During inspiration, which change occurs in intrapulmonary pressure?

Accepted Answer

Intrapulmonary pressure decreases below atmospheric pressure.

Question 9

Which type of epithelium lines the alveoli of the lungs, and why is it suited for gas exchange?

Accepted Answer

Simple squamous epithelium; allows rapid diffusion of gases.

Question 10

A patient with emphysema has decreased lung compliance. Which factor is most responsible for this change?

Accepted Answer

Destruction of elastic fibers in alveolar walls.

Question 11

Which law explains why oxygen and carbon dioxide dissolve in blood in proportion to their partial pressures and solubilities?

Accepted Answer

Henry's Law

Question 12

Which equation describes the reversible reaction involved in CO2 transport in blood?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CO}_2 + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \leftrightarrow \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{CO}_3 \leftrightarrow \mathrm{H}^+ + \mathrm{HCO}_3^-$$

Question 13

A patient presents with dyspnea and reduced forced expiratory volume (FEV1). Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Obstructive pulmonary disease

Question 14

Which cell is primarily responsible for cellular immunity?

Accepted Answer

T lymphocyte

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of interferons?

Accepted Answer

They signal neighboring cells to produce antiviral proteins.

Question 16

A patient with AIDS has a deficiency in which cell type, leading to impaired adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Helper T cells (CD4+)

Question 17

Which breathing pattern is characterized by temporary cessation of breathing?

Accepted Answer

Apnea

Question 18

Which of the following is a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) function?

Accepted Answer

Presenting antigen fragments to T cells for immune recognition.

Question 19

A patient experiences anaphylactic shock after exposure to peanuts. Which immunoglobulin and cell type are most involved?

Accepted Answer

IgE and mast cells

BIO 204 Exam 2: Lymphatic, Immune, and Respiratory Systems Study Guide

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