Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of complement proteins in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

They enhance the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microbes and damaged cells via three pathways: classical, alternative, and lectin.

Question 2

A patient receives a vaccine and later is exposed to the same pathogen. Which response is expected and why?

Accepted Answer

A secondary immune response, characterized by a faster and stronger reaction due to memory cells.

Question 3

Which cell is primarily responsible for releasing histamine during an allergic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Mast cell

Question 4

Which of the following is a function of the thymus?

Accepted Answer

Maturation of T lymphocytes

Question 5

A patient has had their lymph nodes removed due to cancer. What is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Decreased immune surveillance and increased risk of infection

Question 6

Which immunoglobulin is most abundant in blood and is responsible for long-term immunity?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of the spleen?

Accepted Answer

Filtration of blood, removal of old erythrocytes, and immune response initiation

Question 8

Which cell is part of innate immunity and is known for its rapid response and phagocytosis of bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 9

Which law explains the relationship between pressure and volume in the lungs during ventilation?

Accepted Answer

Boyle's law: $$ P_1$ V_1$ = P_2$ V_2$ $$

Question 10

During inspiration, what happens to intrapulmonary pressure relative to atmospheric pressure?

Accepted Answer

Intrapulmonary pressure decreases below atmospheric pressure.

Question 11

Which type of epithelium lines the alveoli of the lungs, facilitating gas exchange?

Accepted Answer

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 12

A patient presents with dyspnea and reduced lung compliance. Which factor is most likely contributing to this?

Accepted Answer

Fibrosis of lung tissue

Question 13

Which equation represents the reversible reaction for carbon dioxide transport in blood?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{CO}_2 + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \leftrightarrow \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{CO}_3 \leftrightarrow \mathrm{H}^+ + \mathrm{HCO}_3^- $$

Question 14

Which breathing pattern is characterized by a temporary cessation of breathing?

Accepted Answer

Apnea

Question 15

A patient with emphysema is likely to have which of the following changes in lung volumes?

Accepted Answer

Increased residual volume

Question 16

Which law states that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of individual gases?

Accepted Answer

Dalton's law: $$ P_{total} = P_1$ + P_2$ + P_3$ + \ldots $$

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic of obstructive pulmonary disease?

Accepted Answer

Increased airway resistance and difficulty exhaling

Question 18

Which molecule is released by cytotoxic T cells to induce apoptosis in infected cells?

Accepted Answer

Perforin

Question 19

Which of the following best describes humoral immunity?

Accepted Answer

Immunity mediated by antibodies produced by B cells

Question 20

A patient experiences anaphylactic shock after exposure to peanuts. Which immunoglobulin is primarily involved?

Accepted Answer

IgE

BIO 204 Exam 2 Study Guide: Lymphatic and Respiratory Systems

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