Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the difference between anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Anatomy focuses on the structure of body parts, while physiology examines their function.

Question 2

A patient is lying face up with arms at their sides and palms facing forward. Which term best describes this position?

Accepted Answer

Anatomical position

Question 3

Which directional term describes a structure that is closer to the midline of the body?

Accepted Answer

Medial

Question 4

Which organ is found in the dorsal body cavity?

Accepted Answer

Brain

Question 5

Which property of carbon makes it an ideal building block for macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

It can form up to four covalent bonds, allowing for complex structures.

Question 6

A sugar molecule with five carbon atoms is classified as which type of monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Pentose

Question 7

Which structural feature of glycogen allows it to release glucose rapidly during periods of high energy demand?

Accepted Answer

Its highly branched structure

Question 8

Which equation best represents the hydrolysis of a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$$C_{12}H$$_{22}$$O_{11} + H$$_{2}$$O \rightarrow 2C_{6}H$$_{12}$$O_{6}$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the structure of a triglyceride?

Accepted Answer

Three fatty acids bonded to a glycerol molecule

Question 10

Which factor determines whether a triglyceride is solid or liquid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

The degree of saturation of its fatty acid chains

Question 11

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 12

Why is the inner membrane of the mitochondria (cristae) folded?

Accepted Answer

To increase the surface area for electron transport chain reactions

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the phospholipid bilayer's contribution to the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

It creates a selectively permeable barrier due to hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.

Question 14

Which equation best represents the net ATP yield from glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

$$2 	ext{ ATP}$$

Question 15

During cellular respiration, which molecule is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 16

Which of the following is a major difference between passive and active transport across the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient, requiring energy.

Question 17

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink as water leaves the cell.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the relationship between reduced coenzymes and the electron transport chain (ETC)?

Accepted Answer

Reduced coenzymes donate electrons to the ETC, powering ATP synthesis.

Question 19

Which equation best represents the overall process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_{6}H$$_{12}$$O_{6} + 6O_{2} ightarrow 6CO_{2} + 6H_{2}O + 	ext{energy}$

Question 20

During low oxygen conditions, how do cells continue to produce ATP?

Accepted Answer

By switching to anaerobic glycolysis and producing lactic acid

BIO 259 Exam 1 Study Guide: Human Anatomy & Physiology Core Concepts

Study Guide - Practice Questions