Question 1

Which of the following best describes the three basic functions of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Sensory input, integration, and motor output

Question 2

A patient suffers a spinal cord injury that disrupts the transmission of signals from the brain to the limbs. Which division of the nervous system is primarily affected?

Accepted Answer

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 3

Which neuroglial cell in the CNS is responsible for forming the myelin sheath around axons?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They form the myelin sheath around axons in the PNS

Question 5

A neuron receives a stimulus at its dendrites. Which part of the neuron is primarily responsible for transmitting the action potential away from the cell body?

Accepted Answer

Axon

Question 6

Which of the following correctly differentiates nuclei and ganglia?

Accepted Answer

Nuclei are clusters of neuron cell bodies in the CNS; ganglia are clusters in the PNS

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents Ohm's Law as it applies to the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

$$V = I 	imes R$$

Question 8

A neuron at rest has a membrane potential of approximately $$-70 mV. $$Which mechanism is primarily responsible for maintaining this resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

The sodium-potassium pump actively transports $$3 Na$^+$$ out and $$2 K$^+ in$$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between graded potentials and action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Graded potentials decrease in magnitude with distance; action potentials do not

Question 10

During an action potential, which event is responsible for the rapid depolarization phase?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated Na$$^+$$ channels open, allowing Na$$^+$$ influx

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why saltatory conduction is faster than continuous conduction?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials jump from one node of Ranvier to the next in myelinated axons

Question 12

A neuron is unable to generate another action potential, no matter how strong the stimulus. This describes which refractory period?

Accepted Answer

Absolute refractory period

Question 13

Which factor would most likely increase the velocity of action potential propagation along an axon?

Accepted Answer

Increased axon diameter

Question 14

Which of the following best distinguishes a chemical synapse from an electrical synapse?

Accepted Answer

Chemical synapses use neurotransmitters to transmit signals; electrical synapses use gap junctions

Question 15

Which event leads to the generation of an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)?

Accepted Answer

Opening of ligand-gated Na$$^+$$ channels, causing depolarization

Question 16

A postsynaptic neuron receives multiple signals in rapid succession from a single presynaptic neuron. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Temporal summation

Question 17

Which type of neuronal circuit is most likely involved in rhythmic activities such as breathing?

Accepted Answer

Reverberating circuit

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between gray matter and white matter in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Gray matter contains neuron cell bodies; white matter contains myelinated axons

Question 19

A patient is diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, a disease that damages the myelin sheath in the CNS. Which cell type is primarily affected?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 20

Which of the following best describes serial processing in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Information passes through a single pathway from one neuron to the next

BIO-263 Chapter 11 Nervous System Study Guide – Step-by-Step Guidance

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards