Q: A patient has a tidal volume ($$TV) of 500 mL $$and an expiratory reserve volume ($$ERV) of 1200 mL. If $$their inspiratory reserve volume ($$IRV) is 3000 mL$$, what is their vital capacity ($$VC$$)?

$$VC = 500\ \text{mL} + 1200\ \text{mL} + 3000\ \text{mL} = 4700\ \text{mL}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the chordae tendineae in the heart?

Accepted Answer

They prevent the atrioventricular valves from inverting during ventricular contraction.

Question 2

A patient with emphysema is experiencing dyspnea. Which of the following best explains why gas exchange is impaired in this condition?

Accepted Answer

Destruction of alveolar walls reduces surface area for gas exchange.

Question 3

During the cardiac cycle, which event is represented by the QRS complex on an electrocardiogram (ECG)?

Accepted Answer

Ventricular depolarization

Question 4

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of vital capacity ($$VC) in $$spirometry?

Accepted Answer

$$VC = TV + IRV + ERV$$

Question 5

A blood sample taken from the pulmonary vein would most likely be:

Accepted Answer

Oxygenated

Question 6

Which structure is responsible for initiating the electrical impulse that causes the heart to beat?

Accepted Answer

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Question 7

If the left ventricle fails to contract properly, which of the following would most likely occur?

Accepted Answer

Reduced blood flow to the systemic circulation

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of surfactant in the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

It reduces surface tension, preventing alveolar collapse during exhalation.

Question 9

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the conduction pathway in the heart?

Accepted Answer

SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → Bundle branches → Purkinje fibers

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of the pleural fluid?

Accepted Answer

It lubricates the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, reducing friction during breathing.

Question 11

A patient has a tidal volume ($$TV) of 500 mL $$and an expiratory reserve volume ($$ERV) of 1200 mL. If $$their inspiratory reserve volume ($$IRV) is 3000 mL$$, what is their vital capacity ($$VC$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$VC = 500\ 	ext{mL} + 1200\ 	ext{mL} + 3000\ 	ext{mL} = 4700\ 	ext{mL}$$

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the direction of blood flow through the pulmonary arteries?

Accepted Answer

From the right ventricle to the lungs

Question 13

Which respiratory measurement is defined as the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a normal exhalation?

Accepted Answer

Expiratory reserve volume ($$ERV)$$

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the atrioventricular (AV) valves is correct?

Accepted Answer

They prevent backflow of blood from the ventricles into the atria during ventricular contraction.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the PERRLA assessment in vital signs?

Accepted Answer

It evaluates the pupils for equal size, roundness, and reactivity to light and accommodation.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of the function of the pulmonary ventilation process?

Accepted Answer

It moves air between the atmosphere and the lungs, enabling gas exchange.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why the left ventricle has a thicker myocardium than the right ventricle?

Accepted Answer

It must generate higher pressure to pump blood through the systemic circulation.

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating inspiratory capacity ($$IC$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$IC = TV + IRV$$

Question 19

During exercise, which of the following changes is most likely to occur in the heart?

Accepted Answer

Increased heart rate and contraction strength

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the semi-lunar valves?

Accepted Answer

They prevent backflow of blood from the arteries into the ventricles.

BIO212 Exam 2 Review: The Heart, Respiratory System, and Vital Signs

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