Question 1

Which of the following best describes an element as it relates to biochemistry?

Accepted Answer

A substance that cannot be broken down by a chemical reaction and consists of only one type of atom.

Question 2

Which four elements make up approximately 96% of the human body by mass?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen

Question 3

A patient presents with a goiter, an enlarged thyroid gland. Which trace element deficiency is most likely responsible for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Iodine

Question 4

Which of the following statements about atoms is correct?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are found in energy shells surrounding the nucleus, and a neutral atom has equal numbers of protons and electrons.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why atoms form chemical bonds?

Accepted Answer

To achieve a full outer energy shell and become more stable.

Question 6

What is the main difference between a molecule and a compound?

Accepted Answer

A molecule consists of two or more atoms bonded together, while a compound consists of two or more different elements bonded together.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

The bond between hydrogen and oxygen in H$_2$O

Question 8

A sodium atom (Na) loses one electron to a chlorine atom (Cl), forming Na$^+$ and Cl$^-$. What type of bond is formed between these two ions?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the electron configuration of a neutral neon atom (Ne) with atomic number 10?

Accepted Answer

2 electrons in the first shell, 8 electrons in the second shell

Question 10

Which of the following equations correctly represents the formation of sodium chloride (table salt) from its elements?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{Na} + \mathrm{Cl} \rightarrow \mathrm{NaCl}$

Question 11

Which of the following statements about covalent bonds is correct?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Question 12

A molecule of glucose has the formula C$_6$H$_{12}$O$_6$. How many different elements are present in one molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

3

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why water (H$_2$O) is a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, causing unequal sharing of electrons.

Question 14

If an atom has 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 11 electrons, what is its atomic number and mass number?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number = 11, Mass number = 23

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about trace elements in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Trace elements are required in minute quantities for proper physiological function.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between an anion and a cation?

Accepted Answer

An anion is a negatively charged ion, while a cation is a positively charged ion.

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-life example of a compound found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

NaCl

Question 18

A student claims that all atoms of the same element have the same number of neutrons. Is this statement correct? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

No, because atoms of the same element can have different numbers of neutrons, forming isotopes.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why humans do not look like the food they eat, even though their bodies are made from the same chemical elements?

Accepted Answer

The arrangement and bonding of atoms in molecules and compounds determine the structure and function of living things.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of electrons in chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Electrons in the outermost shell determine the chemical behavior of an atom.

Biochemistry Foundations: Elements, Atoms, and Chemical Bonds in Anatomy & Physiology

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