Question 1

Which property of water is most responsible for maintaining a stable internal body temperature in humans?

Accepted Answer

High specific heat capacity

Question 2

A patient is suffering from metabolic acidosis. Which buffer system is most important in maintaining their blood pH within the normal range of 7.35 to 7.45?

Accepted Answer

Carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system

Question 3

Which of the following best describes a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that forms a new covalent bond between monomers and releases water

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct formula for a monosaccharide such as glucose?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6$

Question 5

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They have a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails

Question 6

A solution has a pH of 5. How many times greater is its hydrogen ion concentration compared to a solution with pH 7?

Accepted Answer

100 times greater

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing metabolic reactions

Question 8

Which level of protein structure is directly responsible for the formation of alpha helices and beta sheets?

Accepted Answer

Secondary structure

Question 9

Which of the following is TRUE regarding DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is single-stranded

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are considered biological catalysts?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy required for reactions

Question 11

A patient is given a medication to neutralize excess stomach acid. Which type of compound should this medication contain?

Accepted Answer

A base

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct representation of the relationship between pH and hydrogen ion concentration?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{pH} = -\log_{10}[\mathrm{H}^+]$

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of lipids in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing metabolic reactions

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a nitrogenous base with its complementary base in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Guanine pairs with cytosine

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the structure of a triglyceride?

Accepted Answer

One glycerol and three fatty acids

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE about protein denaturation?

Accepted Answer

It can be reversible or irreversible depending on the conditions

Question 17

Which of the following molecules is the central molecule in the transfer of chemical energy within cells?

Accepted Answer

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of a buffer?

Accepted Answer

A substance that prevents drastic changes in pH by accepting or donating H$^+$ ions

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the difference between strong and weak acids?

Accepted Answer

Strong acids increase the concentration of free H$^+$ more than weak acids

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct example of a polysaccharide found in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Biochemistry Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology: Water, Acids, Bases, and pH

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