Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of albumin, the most abundant plasma protein in human blood?

Accepted Answer

It helps maintain osmotic pressure and transports substances such as hormones.

Question 2

A patient presents with a hematocrit of 65%. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this finding?

Accepted Answer

The patient is dehydrated, leading to a reduced plasma volume.

Question 3

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating erythropoiesis, and what is its main site of production?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin, produced by the kidneys

Question 4

During the coagulation phase of hemostasis, which pathway is initiated by tissue damage outside the blood vessel, and what is the final product formed?

Accepted Answer

Extrinsic pathway; insoluble fibrin clot

Question 5

A person with blood type O negative requires a transfusion. Which of the following blood types is compatible for transfusion?

Accepted Answer

O negative

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly calculates cardiac output ($$CO) $$given stroke volume ($$SV) $$and heart rate ($$HR$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = SV 	imes HR$$

Question 7

If a patient has an end diastolic volume ($$EDV) of 120 mL $$and an end systolic volume ($$ESV) of 50 mL$$, what is their stroke volume ($$SV$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$SV = EDV - ESV = 120\,mL - 50\,mL = 70\,mL$$

Question 8

Which of the following best explains the Frank-Starling Law of the heart?

Accepted Answer

The greater the venous return, the greater the force of contraction and stroke volume.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct equation relating mean arterial pressure ($$MAP$$), cardiac output ($$CO$$), and total peripheral resistance ($$TPR$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = CO 	imes TPR$$

Question 10

A patient has a systolic blood pressure of 130 mmHg and a diastolic blood pressure of 80 mmHg. What is their mean arterial pressure ($$MAP$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = \frac{1}{3}(130 - 80) + 80 = 96.7\,mmHg$$

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the process of diapedesis?

Accepted Answer

The movement of leukocytes out of the bloodstream and into tissues.

Question 12

Which of the following is a primary function of the complement system in innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Enhancing phagocytosis through opsonization and forming membrane attack complexes.

Question 13

Which of the following chemical equations represents the reversible reaction of carbon dioxide and water to form carbonic acid, then hydrogen ion and bicarbonate ion?

Accepted Answer

$$CO_2 + H_2O$$ \leftrightarrow H_2CO_3 \leftrightarrow H^+ + $$HCO_3$$^-$$

Question 14

Which hormone is released in response to low blood calcium levels and acts to increase calcium by stimulating osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action for steroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

They bind to intracellular receptors and directly influence gene transcription.

Question 16

Which digestive enzyme is produced by the pancreas, acts in the small intestine, and breaks down proteins into peptides?

Accepted Answer

Trypsin

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

It increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts.

Question 18

A patient with metabolic acidosis will physiologically compensate by:

Accepted Answer

Increasing respiratory rate to expel $$CO_2$$

Question 19

During the ovarian cycle, which hormone is primarily responsible for triggering ovulation?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

BIOH 211: Comprehensive Study Guide for Blood, Heart, Circulatory, Lymphatic, Immune, Respiratory, Endocrine, Digestive, Metabolic, Urinary, Fluid/Electrolyte, and Reproductive Systems

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards