Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between form and function in human anatomy?

Accepted Answer

Form determines function, meaning the structure of a body part enables its specific role.

Question 2

A patient is unable to maintain a stable internal body temperature after suffering a head injury. Which physiological principle is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis

Question 3

Which of the following is the smallest unit of life that can carry out all the functions necessary for life?

Accepted Answer

Cell

Question 4

A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink because water leaves the cell by osmosis.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the anatomical position?

Accepted Answer

Standing upright, facing forward, arms at the sides with palms facing forward

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Release of insulin to lower blood glucose after a meal

Question 7

Which serous membrane directly covers the surface of the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Visceral pleura

Question 8

A tissue sample contains cells with lacunae and a matrix rich in collagen fibers but no blood vessels. Which cell type is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Chondrocyte

Question 9

Which plane divides the body into anterior and posterior sections?

Accepted Answer

Coronal (frontal) plane

Question 10

Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 11

A patient presents with a third-degree burn. Which layers of the skin are affected?

Accepted Answer

Epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of keratin in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

Keratin provides waterproofing and protection to the skin.

Question 13

Which type of blood vessel supplies nutrients to the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

Capillaries in the dermis

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of macrophages in connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Engulfing and digesting pathogens and debris

Question 15

Which process describes a cell engulfing a large particle, such as a bacterium, by surrounding it with its plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why fingerprints are unique to each individual?

Accepted Answer

They are formed by the pattern of dermal papillae during fetal development.

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic of epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

It has a free surface exposed to the environment or an internal space.

Question 18

Which pigment is primarily responsible for the brown coloration of skin?

Accepted Answer

Melanin

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the arrector pili muscle?

Accepted Answer

It contracts to cause hair to stand up, producing 'goosebumps'.

Question 20

A patient is diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma. Which layer of the epidermis is most likely the origin of this cancer?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

BIOL 237: Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology – Exam 1 Study Guide

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