Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of lymphatic capillaries in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They collect excess interstitial fluid and transport it as lymph back to the circulatory system.

Question 2

A patient has a blockage in the thoracic duct. Which of the following consequences is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Impaired drainage of lymph from the left side of the body and both lower limbs.

Question 3

Which of the following is a primary lymphoid organ, and what is its main function?

Accepted Answer

Thymus; site of T cell maturation and education.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains how the structure of lymphatic capillaries assists in their function?

Accepted Answer

Their overlapping endothelial cells form one-way mini-valves that allow fluid entry but prevent backflow.

Question 5

Which of the following is a characteristic of the inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

It increases capillary permeability, leading to swelling and redness.

Question 6

A patient with a genetic defect in complement proteins would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Impaired phagocytosis and increased susceptibility to bacterial infections.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between active and passive humoral immunity?

Accepted Answer

Active immunity is acquired through exposure to antigens and lasts longer; passive immunity is acquired by receiving antibodies and provides short-term protection.

Question 8

Which equation best represents the rate of lymph flow ($$Q) $$through a lymphatic vessel, given pressure difference ($$\Delta P) $$and resistance ($$R$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$Q = \frac{\Delta P}{R}$$

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of the spleen?

Accepted Answer

Filters blood, removes old erythrocytes, and stores platelets.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of opsonins in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They mark pathogens for phagocytosis by binding to their surfaces.

Question 11

Which of the following is true regarding the structure and function of antibodies?

Accepted Answer

The variable region binds to antigens, while the constant region determines the antibody class.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct statement about MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue)?

Accepted Answer

MALT includes tonsils, Peyer's patches, and the appendix, and protects mucosal surfaces.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?

Accepted Answer

APCs present processed antigens to T cells, initiating the adaptive immune response.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct comparison between class I and class II MHC proteins?

Accepted Answer

Class I MHC proteins present antigens to CD8 T cells; class II MHC proteins present antigens to CD4 T cells.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the fate of clone cells after a naive lymphocyte encounters its antigen?

Accepted Answer

Clone cells differentiate into effector cells and memory cells.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of helper T cells?

Accepted Answer

Activate B cells and cytotoxic T cells by releasing cytokines.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of immune surveillance?

Accepted Answer

Natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T cells monitor the body for abnormal or infected cells.

Question 18

A patient receives a kidney transplant. Which immune response is most likely to cause rejection of the graft?

Accepted Answer

Cellular immunity mediated by cytotoxic T cells.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the right lymphatic duct?

Accepted Answer

It drains lymph from the right upper limb, right side of the head, and right thorax.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains how fever assists the body in fighting pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Fever increases metabolic rate, enhancing immune cell activity and inhibiting pathogen growth.

BIOL 2402 Exam 3 Short Answer & Multiple Choice Study Guidance

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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