$ \mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + \text{energy} $

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a monosaccharide and a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

A monosaccharide is a single sugar unit, while a disaccharide consists of two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic bond.

Question 2

Which of the following carbohydrates is NOT digestible by human enzymes and serves as dietary fiber?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 3

A patient with a genetic disorder cannot break down lactose. Which enzyme is most likely deficient in this patient?

Accepted Answer

Lactase

Question 4

Which of the following statements about saturated and unsaturated fatty acids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds and are usually solid at room temperature.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids are important for cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

They are amphipathic, containing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions, allowing them to form bilayers.

Question 6

A patient has high levels of LDL and low levels of HDL in their blood. Which condition are they at increased risk for?

Accepted Answer

Atherosclerosis

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 8

Which level of protein structure is primarily determined by hydrogen bonding between the backbone atoms of the polypeptide chain?

Accepted Answer

Secondary structure

Question 9

A mutation causes a single amino acid substitution in a protein. Which level of protein structure is directly affected first?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores and transfers energy for cellular processes such as muscle contraction and nerve impulses.

Question 11

During aerobic respiration, which pathway produces the majority of ATP?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain

Question 12

Which of the following best explains the concept of feedback inhibition in metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

The end product of a pathway inhibits an earlier enzyme, slowing or stopping the pathway.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about enzyme activity is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzyme activity is affected by temperature, pH, and the presence of inhibitors.

Question 14

A competitive inhibitor affects an enzyme by:

Accepted Answer

Binding to the active site and blocking substrate binding.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose and thymine, while RNA contains ribose and uracil.

Question 16

Which of the following equations correctly represents the hydrolysis of ATP?

Accepted Answer

$ \mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + 	ext{energy} $

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about polysaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen is a highly branched polymer of glucose used for energy storage in animals.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why trans fats are considered unhealthy?

Accepted Answer

They raise LDL ('bad cholesterol') and lower HDL ('good cholesterol'), increasing the risk of atherosclerosis.

Question 19

A patient is diagnosed with sickle cell anemia, which is caused by a single amino acid change in hemoglobin. This is an example of how:

Accepted Answer

A change in primary structure can alter protein function and cause disease.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the induced fit model of enzyme action?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme changes shape slightly to fit the substrate more closely upon binding.

Biomolecules and Cellular Respiration: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions