Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of dehydration synthesis in the formation of biomolecules?

Accepted Answer

A water molecule is removed to form a covalent bond between two monomers.

Question 2

A marathon runner consumes a large amount of pasta the night before a race. Which biomolecule is primarily being stored for energy, and in what form is it stored in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates; stored as glycogen in liver and muscles

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a correct pairing of a biomolecule polymer and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Lipid – Fatty acid

Question 4

During digestion, the breakdown of starch into glucose monomers is an example of which type of chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 5

Which of the following statements about saturated and unsaturated fatty acids is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have only single bonds between carbon atoms.

Question 6

A patient is found to have a genetic disorder affecting the structure of their cell membranes. Which type of lipid is most likely involved in this defect?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are highly specific in the reactions they catalyze?

Accepted Answer

The active site of an enzyme has a unique shape that fits only specific substrates.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Providing instant energy for cellular activities

Question 9

A protein is exposed to high heat and loses its three-dimensional structure. What is this process called, and what is the likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation; the protein will lose its function

Question 10

Which of the following correctly matches a nucleic acid with its sugar component?

Accepted Answer

DNA – deoxyribose

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the structure of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct summary of the ATP cycle in cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP is formed by adding a phosphate group to ADP, and energy is released when ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP.

Question 13

A scientist is analyzing a molecule and finds it contains a four-ring structure with no fatty acid chains. Which class of biomolecule is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Steroid

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct example of a disaccharide and its component monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Sucrose: glucose + fructose

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why cellulose cannot be digested by humans, even though it is made of glucose monomers?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack the enzyme to break the specific glycosidic bonds in cellulose.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is usually double-stranded, while RNA is usually single-stranded.

Question 17

A patient is unable to break down dietary proteins into amino acids. Which process is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 18

Which of the following equations correctly represents the hydrolysis of ATP?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P_i} + 	ext{energy} $$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of phospholipids in cells?

Accepted Answer

They form the main structural component of cell membranes.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are composed of amino acids joined by peptide bonds.

Biomolecules: Structure, Function, and Biological Importance

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