Q: Which of the following functional groups is correctly matched with its chemical property?

$\text{–SH}$ (sulfhydryl group): Polar

Q: Which of the following best explains why glucose is considered a polar molecule?

It contains multiple hydroxyl ($\text{–OH}$) groups that can form hydrogen bonds with water.

Q: A researcher adds a molecule with a $\text{–NH}_2$ group to a solution and observes an increase in pH. What is the most likely explanation?

The $\text{–NH}_2$ group acts as a base and accepts a proton, reducing the concentration of $\text{H}^+$ ions.

Question 1

Which property of carbon makes it especially suitable for forming the backbone of complex biomolecules?

Accepted Answer

It has 4 electrons in its valence shell, allowing it to form up to 4 covalent bonds.

Question 2

A molecule with both a hydrophilic (polar) head and hydrophobic (nonpolar) tail is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Amphipathic

Question 3

Which of the following functional groups is correctly matched with its chemical property?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{–SH}$ (sulfhydryl group): Polar

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the structure of a triglyceride?

Accepted Answer

A glycerol backbone bonded to three fatty acids

Question 5

Which macromolecule is formed by the polymerization of monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Polysaccharides

Question 6

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that affects the formation of phospholipids. Which cellular structure is most likely to be directly impacted?

Accepted Answer

Plasma membrane

Question 7

Which of the following elements is NOT commonly found in the formation of macromolecules within cells?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why glucose is considered a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

It contains multiple hydroxyl ($	ext{–OH}$) groups that can form hydrogen bonds with water.

Question 9

A scientist is studying a molecule that contains a $	ext{–COOH}$ group. Which property is this group most likely to confer to the molecule?

Accepted Answer

Acidic

Question 10

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

They contain a phosphate group, a glycerol backbone, and two fatty acid tails.

Question 11

If a mutation caused a cell to produce proteins with nonpolar R-groups on their surface, what would be the most likely consequence for the protein's function in an aqueous environment?

Accepted Answer

The protein would likely aggregate or misfold due to hydrophobic interactions.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the relationship between amino acids and proteins?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids are the monomers that link together to form proteins.

Question 13

A researcher adds a molecule with a $	ext{–NH}_2$ group to a solution and observes an increase in pH. What is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

The $	ext{–NH}_2$ group acts as a base and accepts a proton, reducing the concentration of $	ext{H}^+$ ions.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct example of a polymer and its corresponding monomer?

Accepted Answer

Polysaccharide: Monosaccharide

Question 15

Which functional group is present in all amino acids and is responsible for their basic properties?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{–NH}_2$

Question 16

A molecule is found to be insoluble in water and consists mainly of long hydrocarbon chains. Which class of biomolecule does it most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Lipid

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in aqueous environments?

Accepted Answer

Their hydrophilic heads interact with water while their hydrophobic tails avoid water, resulting in a bilayer structure.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the role of functional groups in biomolecules?

Accepted Answer

Functional groups determine the chemical reactivity and properties of biomolecules.

Question 19

A patient is found to have a deficiency in molecules containing the $	ext{–HPO}_4^-$ group. Which of the following cellular components would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid bilayer of cell membranes

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between a monosaccharide and a polysaccharide?

Accepted Answer

A monosaccharide is a single sugar unit, while a polysaccharide is a polymer made of many monosaccharide units.

Biomolecules: Structure, Function, and Cellular Roles

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