Question 1

Which of the following best explains why blood is classified as a connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Because it consists of cells suspended in a liquid matrix and connects body systems by transporting substances.

Question 2

A patient with abnormally low erythrocyte count is likely to experience which of the following symptoms, and why?

Accepted Answer

Fatigue, because reduced erythrocytes decrease oxygen transport to tissues.

Question 3

Which formula correctly calculates cardiac output ($CO$) in terms of stroke volume ($SV$) and heart rate ($HR$)?

Accepted Answer

$CO = SV 	imes HR$

Question 4

During the process of hemostasis, which step directly involves the formation of a platelet plug?

Accepted Answer

Platelet adhesion and aggregation

Question 5

A person with blood type AB negative ($AB^-$) can safely receive blood from which of the following donors?

Accepted Answer

A negative ($A^-$)

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of leukocytes?

Accepted Answer

They defend the body against infection and foreign substances.

Question 7

Which heart valve prevents backflow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium?

Accepted Answer

Mitral (bicuspid) valve

Question 8

A patient is diagnosed with hemophilia. Which part of the hemostasis process is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Coagulation cascade

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the conduction system of the heart is correct?

Accepted Answer

The SA node acts as the primary pacemaker.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct sequence of blood flow through the heart and lungs?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → Right ventricle → Pulmonary artery → Lungs → Pulmonary vein → Left atrium

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of intercalated discs in cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

They connect cardiac muscle fibers and facilitate synchronized contraction.

Question 12

A patient’s ECG shows an abnormally prolonged $QRS$ complex. What does this most likely indicate?

Accepted Answer

Delayed ventricular depolarization

Question 13

Which of the following factors would most likely increase stroke volume ($SV$)?

Accepted Answer

Increased contractility of the heart muscle

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of platelets?

Accepted Answer

Initiating the clotting process to prevent blood loss

Question 15

Which of the following best explains the effect of the autonomic nervous system on heart rate?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic stimulation increases heart rate, while parasympathetic stimulation decreases it.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of the structure and function of hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

A protein in erythrocytes that binds oxygen for transport.

Question 17

A patient receives a transfusion of mismatched blood. Which of the following is the most likely immediate consequence?

Accepted Answer

Hemolysis and agglutination of erythrocytes

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the heart valves?

Accepted Answer

They ensure unidirectional flow of blood through the heart.

Question 19

Which of the following is a major branch of the coronary arteries supplying the heart muscle?

Accepted Answer

Left anterior descending artery

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct description of the cardiac cycle?

Accepted Answer

It is the sequence of events from one ventricular contraction to the next.

Blood and Cardiovascular System: Study Guide for Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions