Question 1

A patient is experiencing anemia after chemotherapy. Which anatomical site is most likely responsible for the decreased production of red blood cells in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

Red bone marrow

Question 2

Which type of white blood cell releases histamine during allergic reactions, causing redness and swelling?

Accepted Answer

Basophils

Question 3

A patient with type O negative blood is in need of a transfusion. Why is this blood type considered the universal donor?

Accepted Answer

It lacks A, B, and Rh antigens

Question 4

Which process do platelets initiate when a blood vessel is damaged?

Accepted Answer

They clump together to form a temporary plug

Question 5

After receiving a flu shot, a patient's B cells produce antibodies. What is the primary function of these antibodies?

Accepted Answer

To recognize and attack germs

Question 6

Natural Killer (NK) cells are a type of lymphocyte. What is their main role in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

They destroy infected or cancerous cells without prior activation

Question 7

Which precursor cell in the bone marrow gives rise to platelets?

Accepted Answer

Megakaryocytes

Question 8

A nurse is preparing for a blood transfusion. What must be checked to prevent an immune reaction in the recipient?

Accepted Answer

The antigens present on the surface of red blood cells

Question 9

Hemoglobin in red blood cells binds oxygen using which element at its core?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Question 10

A patient with liver disease is at risk for excessive bleeding. Which plasma protein is most likely deficient, leading to impaired clot formation?

Accepted Answer

Fibrinogen

Question 11

What percentage of blood volume is made up of plasma?

Accepted Answer

About 55%

Question 12

Which plasma protein helps maintain osmotic pressure and prevents swelling (edema) by keeping fluid inside blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 13

The liver synthesizes and releases more than 90% of all plasma proteins. Which of the following is NOT produced by the liver?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 14

Antibodies (immunoglobulins) are produced by which type of cell?

Accepted Answer

B lymphocytes

Question 15

Blood is considered a connective tissue because:

Accepted Answer

It consists of cells suspended in a liquid matrix (plasma)

Question 16

The pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine functions. Which hormones are released by its endocrine portion?

Accepted Answer

Insulin and glucagon

Question 17

After puberty, the thymus gradually shrinks and becomes less active. What is the clinical significance of this change?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of infections in older adults

Question 18

A patient is dehydrated and receives IV fluids. Which component of blood is most directly increased by this treatment?

Accepted Answer

Plasma volume

Question 19

Which equation best represents the relationship between plasma proteins and osmotic pressure in blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

$$\Pi = \sum_{i} c$$_{i}$$RT$$

Question 20

A nurse is monitoring a patient for signs of sepsis. Why can infections spread rapidly through the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Blood connects all body systems by carrying cells and materials in its plasma

Blood & Endocrine System: Key Concepts and Clinical Applications

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