Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of platelets in the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

Initiate the clotting process to prevent blood loss

Question 2

A patient is found to have a deficiency in fibrinogen. Which step of hemostasis would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Coagulation (formation of a stable clot)

Question 3

Which protein is most responsible for the oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin

Question 4

A blood sample is found to have a hematocrit of 60%. What does this indicate about the sample?

Accepted Answer

It has a higher than normal percentage of red blood cells

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly represents cardiac output ($CO$) in terms of heart rate ($HR$) and stroke volume ($SV$)?

Accepted Answer

$CO = HR 	imes SV$

Question 6

During moderate exercise, which physiological change helps increase blood flow to skeletal muscles?

Accepted Answer

Vasodilation of arterioles supplying the muscles

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why veins have valves while arteries do not?

Accepted Answer

Veins operate under lower pressure and need valves to prevent backflow

Question 8

A patient with a genetic mutation affecting the production of albumin would most likely experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Edema due to decreased plasma oncotic pressure

Question 9

Which of the following is a key difference between the pulmonary and systemic circuits of the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

The pulmonary circuit carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs, while the systemic circuit carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of white blood cells (leukocytes) in the body?

Accepted Answer

Defend against pathogens and foreign substances

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the cardiac cycle?

Accepted Answer

End-diastolic volume → Stroke volume → End-systolic volume

Question 12

Which formula correctly calculates mean arterial pressure ($MAP$) using systolic ($SBP$) and diastolic ($DBP$) blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

$MAP = DBP + \frac{1}{3}(SBP - DBP)$

Question 13

A patient is experiencing hypovolemic shock due to severe blood loss. Which compensatory mechanism is most likely to occur first?

Accepted Answer

Vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between arteries and veins based on their histological structure?

Accepted Answer

Arteries have thicker muscular walls and smaller lumens than veins

Question 15

Which of the following mechanisms is most important for the regulation of blood flow through capillary beds?

Accepted Answer

Precapillary sphincters controlling entry into capillaries

Question 16

A person with blood type AB can receive blood from which of the following blood types?

Accepted Answer

Type A, B, AB, and O

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the action potential of a cardiac nodal cell?

Accepted Answer

It is characterized by a slow depolarization due to calcium influx

Question 18

Which of the following factors is most critical in controlling local blood flow in tissues?

Accepted Answer

Local metabolic activity

Question 19

A patient is found to have a deficiency in vitamin K. Which process would be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Blood clotting

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why capillaries are the primary site of exchange between blood and tissues?

Accepted Answer

They have thin walls and a large surface area

Blood, Cardiovascular System, and Vessels: Study Guide for Anatomy & Physiology

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