Question 1

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure in the blood, and what would be a likely clinical consequence if its levels were significantly decreased?

Accepted Answer

Albumin; development of edema due to fluid leakage into tissues

Question 2

A patient presents with a hematocrit of 65%. Which condition does this most likely indicate, and what is the normal range for hematocrit in adult males?

Accepted Answer

Polycythemia; 42-52%

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of neutrophils in the blood?

Accepted Answer

They are the first responders to bacterial infection and perform phagocytosis

Question 4

A blood sample is analyzed and found to have anti-A antibodies and B antigens on the red blood cells. What is the blood type of this individual?

Accepted Answer

Type B

Question 5

Calculate the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) using the following data: Hematocrit = 45%, RBC count = $5 	imes 10^6$ cells/µL. Use the formula $MCV = \frac{Hematocrit (\%)}{RBC\ count\ (millions/\mu L)} 	imes 10$. What is the MCV?

Accepted Answer

$MCV = 90\ fL$

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why a deficiency in iron leads to anemia?

Accepted Answer

Iron is a key component of hemoglobin, which is necessary for oxygen transport

Question 7

A patient with pernicious anemia is most likely deficient in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the lymphatic system that directly supports the circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

Return of excess interstitial fluid to the bloodstream

Question 9

Which lymphatic organ is responsible for filtering blood, removing old erythrocytes, and mounting immune responses?

Accepted Answer

Spleen

Question 10

A child is born without a thymus gland. Which of the following immune cell populations would be most affected?

Accepted Answer

T lymphocytes

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which lymph is propelled through lymphatic vessels?

Accepted Answer

Contraction of smooth muscle in vessel walls and skeletal muscle movement

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct match between a lymphatic structure and its function?

Accepted Answer

Spleen: filters blood and initiates immune responses

Question 13

A patient with a genetic defect in the production of fibrinogen would most likely experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty forming blood clots

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of reticular cells in lymphatic tissue?

Accepted Answer

They form a supportive network for other cells

Question 15

A person with blood type AB negative ($AB^-$) can safely receive blood from which of the following donors?

Accepted Answer

Type O negative ($O^-$)

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why lymphatic capillaries are highly permeable?

Accepted Answer

They have overlapping endothelial cells that function as one-way valves

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the secondary lymphatic organs?

Accepted Answer

Site of immune response activation

Question 18

A patient has a low mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Which of the following best describes the likely appearance of their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Hypochromic

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of Hassall's corpuscles in the thymus?

Accepted Answer

They are involved in the maturation of T lymphocytes

Question 20

A patient with a mutation that prevents the production of agglutinins (antibodies against blood group antigens) would be at risk for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Reduced ability to mount an immune response to incompatible blood transfusions

Blood Composition, Blood Tests, and the Lymphatic & Immune Systems: Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards