Question 1

Which of the following best describes the major function of erythrocytes (red blood cells) in the circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

They transport oxygen from the lungs to tissues and remove carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs.

Question 2

A patient with type AB- blood needs a transfusion. Which of the following donor blood types is compatible?

Accepted Answer

O-

Question 3

Which plasma protein is most responsible for maintaining blood osmolarity and viscosity, thereby influencing blood pressure and fluid balance?

Accepted Answer

Albumins

Question 4

A woman with Rh-negative blood is pregnant with an Rh-positive fetus. What is the primary risk in subsequent pregnancies if she does not receive Rh immune globulin?

Accepted Answer

Her body may produce anti-Rh antibodies that attack the fetus's red blood cells, causing hemolytic disease of the newborn.

Question 5

Which of the following equations represents the buffering of blood pH by bicarbonate?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{CO}_3 \longleftrightarrow \mathrm{HCO}_3^- + \mathrm{H}^+$$

Question 6

Which leukocyte type is most abundant in blood and is primarily responsible for phagocytizing bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils

Question 7

A patient presents with pale skin, shortness of breath, and swelling of tissues. Laboratory tests show decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Anemia

Question 8

During hemostasis, which step involves the formation of a meshwork of fibrin that stabilizes the platelet plug?

Accepted Answer

Coagulation

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why type O- blood is considered the universal donor?

Accepted Answer

It lacks A, B, and Rh antigens, so it does not trigger agglutination in recipients.

Question 10

Which process describes the production of all formed elements of blood from stem cells in the bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Hemopoiesis

Question 11

A patient with sickle cell anemia has abnormal hemoglobin. Which of the following is a direct consequence of this condition?

Accepted Answer

Increased blood viscosity and risk of cardiac failure

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm → Platelet plug formation → Coagulation

Question 13

Which of the following statements about blood plasma is correct?

Accepted Answer

Plasma is identical to serum except plasma contains fibrinogen.

Question 14

Which cell type is responsible for producing platelets in the bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Megakaryocyte

Question 15

A patient with type B+ blood receives type AB+ blood in a transfusion. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination occurs because anti-A antibodies in the recipient attack A antigens in the donor blood.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of fibrinogen in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

It is converted to fibrin, forming a mesh that stabilizes the blood clot.

Question 17

Which of the following is a consequence of low blood viscosity due to anemia?

Accepted Answer

Reduced blood pressure and increased heart rate

Question 18

Which of the following best explains the difference between granulocytes and agranulocytes?

Accepted Answer

Granulocytes contain visible cytoplasmic granules, while agranulocytes do not.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of erythropoiesis?

Accepted Answer

It is the production of red blood cells stimulated by erythropoietin in response to hypoxemia.

Question 20

Which of the following is a key nutritional requirement for erythropoiesis and hemoglobin synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Iron ($$\mathrm{Fe}^{2+})$$

Blood: Composition, Function, and Physiology

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