Q: A patient has a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 110 mmHg, a systolic pressure of 140 mmHg, and a diastolic pressure of 90 mmHg. Which formula correctly calculates MAP, and what is the value?

MAP = $$\text{diastolic} + \frac{1}{3}(\text{systolic} - \text{diastolic})$$; MAP = 107 mmHg

Q: A patient’s blood flow through a vessel is measured at 5 mL/min. If the pressure gradient ($$\Delta P) is 20 $$mmHg and resistance (R) is 4 mmHg·min/mL, which equation relates these variables, and what is the calculated flow?

$$\text{Flow} = \frac{\Delta P}{R}$$; Flow = 5 mL/min

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of arteries in the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

They act as pressure reservoirs and carry blood away from the heart.

Question 2

A patient has a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 110 mmHg, a systolic pressure of 140 mmHg, and a diastolic pressure of 90 mmHg. Which formula correctly calculates MAP, and what is the value?

Accepted Answer

MAP = $$	ext{diastolic} + \frac{1}{3}(	ext{systolic} - 	ext{diastolic})$$; MAP = 107 mmHg

Question 3

Which structural feature of capillaries is most critical for their role in exchange between blood and tissues?

Accepted Answer

A single cell-thick layer of endothelial cells on a basal lamina

Question 4

If the radius of a blood vessel doubles, how does the resistance to blood flow change, according to Poiseuille’s law?

Accepted Answer

Resistance decreases by a factor of 16

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct statement about veins?

Accepted Answer

Veins have thin walls of vascular smooth muscle and act as volume reservoirs.

Question 6

During ventricular relaxation, what mechanism maintains blood flow in the arteries?

Accepted Answer

Elastic recoil of the arterial walls

Question 7

Which process is essential for wound healing and is regulated by cytokines such as VEGF and FGF?

Accepted Answer

Angiogenesis

Question 8

A patient’s blood flow through a vessel is measured at 5 mL/min. If the pressure gradient ($$\Delta P) is 20 $$mmHg and resistance (R) is 4 mmHg·min/mL, which equation relates these variables, and what is the calculated flow?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Flow} = \frac{\Delta P}{R}$$; Flow = 5 mL/min

Question 9

Which of the following would most likely increase the velocity of blood flow in a vessel, assuming flow rate remains constant?

Accepted Answer

Decreasing the total cross-sectional area of the vessel

Question 10

Which cell type is closely associated with capillaries and can differentiate into endothelial or smooth muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Pericytes

Question 11

A patient is diagnosed with hypertension. Which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

Higher than normal mean arterial pressure (MAP)

Question 12

Which of the following factors does NOT directly affect resistance to blood flow in the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

Elasticity of the heart valves

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of precapillary sphincters?

Accepted Answer

They regulate the distribution of blood flow through capillary beds.

Question 14

Which of the following would most likely occur if angiogenesis inhibitors such as angiostatin are administered to a patient with a malignant tumor?

Accepted Answer

Reduced formation of new blood vessels, limiting tumor growth

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why capillaries lack vascular smooth muscle and elastic tissue reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

To facilitate efficient exchange of materials between blood and tissues

Question 16

A patient has a blood vessel with a length of 10 cm, a radius of 0.2 cm, and blood viscosity of 3 cP. According to Poiseuille’s law, which variable would have the greatest effect on resistance if changed?

Accepted Answer

Radius of the vessel

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the lymphatic system is correct?

Accepted Answer

It returns excess interstitial fluid to the blood.

Question 18

Which of the following is a consequence of decreased capillary permeability?

Accepted Answer

Reduced movement of fluids and solutes between blood and tissues

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of valves in veins?

Accepted Answer

They ensure one-way flow of blood toward the heart.

Question 20

Which of the following would most likely occur if the total cross-sectional area of capillaries increases while the flow rate remains constant?

Accepted Answer

The velocity of blood flow through capillaries decreases.

Ch 15a Blood Flow and Control of Blood Pressure: Structure and Function of Blood Vessels

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