Q: A patient has a stroke volume (SV) of 70 mL, a heart rate (HR) of 80 beats/min, and a TPR of 1.2 mm Hg·min/L. What is their mean arterial pressure (MAP)? Use $$MAP = SV \times HR \times TPR.$$

$$MAP = 0.07\ L \times 80\ beats/min \times 1.2\ mm\ Hg\cdot min/L = 6.72\ mm\ Hg$$

Question 1

A patient has a blood pressure reading of 150/90 mm Hg. What is their mean arterial pressure (MAP)? Use the formula $$MAP = diastolic\ P + \frac{1}{3}(systolic\ P - diastolic\ P).$$

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = 90 + \frac{1}{3}(150-90) = 90 + 20 = 110\ mm\ Hg$$

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the role of arterioles in the circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

They provide the greatest resistance to blood flow and regulate mean arterial pressure.

Question 3

A person experiences increased sympathetic activity. What is the expected effect on total peripheral resistance (TPR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

Accepted Answer

Both TPR and MAP will increase due to vasoconstriction.

Question 4

Which equation correctly relates cardiac output (CO), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and total peripheral resistance (TPR)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = \frac{MAP}{TPR}$$

Question 5

A patient has a stroke volume (SV) of 70 mL, a heart rate (HR) of 80 beats/min, and a TPR of 1.2 mm Hg·min/L. What is their mean arterial pressure (MAP)? Use $$MAP = SV 	imes HR 	imes TPR.$$

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = 0.07\ L 	imes 80\ beats/min 	imes 1.2\ mm\ Hg\cdot min/L = 6.72\ mm\ Hg$$

Question 6

Which of the following scenarios would most likely result in edema?

Accepted Answer

A decrease in plasma protein concentration, leading to reduced colloid osmotic pressure.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why arteries are considered pressure reservoirs?

Accepted Answer

They have thick, elastic walls that expand during systole and recoil during diastole.

Question 8

During exercise, blood flow to skeletal muscle increases dramatically. Which intrinsic mechanism is primarily responsible for this change?

Accepted Answer

Active hyperemia, where increased metabolic activity causes vasodilation.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about capillary exchange is correct?

Accepted Answer

Filtration occurs at the arterial end due to hydrostatic pressure, while absorption occurs at the venous end due to colloid osmotic pressure.

Question 10

A patient’s arterioles constrict due to increased sympathetic stimulation. What is the expected effect on blood flow to the capillary beds and on MAP?

Accepted Answer

Blood flow to capillary beds decreases and MAP increases.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct description of the myogenic response in arterioles?

Accepted Answer

An increase in perfusion pressure stretches arteriolar smooth muscle, causing vasoconstriction to maintain constant blood flow.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the effect of norepinephrine on arterioles?

Accepted Answer

It binds to alpha-adrenergic receptors, causing vasoconstriction and increasing TPR.

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct formula for pulse pressure?

Accepted Answer

$$Pulse\ Pressure = Systolic\ Pressure - Diastolic\ Pressure$$

Question 14

Which of the following would most likely cause a decrease in venous return to the heart?

Accepted Answer

Decreased activity of the skeletal muscle pump.

Question 15

A patient has a cardiac output (CO) of 5 L/min and a total peripheral resistance (TPR) of 20 mm Hg·min/L. What is their mean arterial pressure (MAP)? Use $$MAP = CO 	imes TPR.$$

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = 5\ L/min 	imes 20\ mm\ Hg\cdot min/L = 100\ mm\ Hg$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the lymphatic system related to capillary exchange?

Accepted Answer

It returns excess filtered fluid and proteins to the circulatory system.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the effect of increased arterial compliance?

Accepted Answer

A larger increase in blood volume is required to produce a large increase in pressure.

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding the measurement of blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer?

Accepted Answer

The pressure at the first Korotkoff sound is the systolic blood pressure.

Question 19

Which of the following would most likely increase capillary filtration and promote edema?

Accepted Answer

An increase in capillary hydrostatic pressure.

Chapter 15: Blood Flow and the Control of Blood Pressure: Structure, Function, and Regulation of Blood Vessels

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