Question 1

Which of the following best describes the effect of vasoconstriction on blood flow and blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Vasoconstriction decreases vessel diameter, increasing blood pressure.

Question 2

Which equation is used to calculate mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = DBP + \dfrac{1}{3} (SBP - DBP)$$

Question 3

A patient stands up quickly and experiences dizziness due to a sudden drop in blood pressure. What is this phenomenon called, and why does it occur?

Accepted Answer

Orthostatic hypotension; due to pooling of blood in the lower extremities.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains the relationship between total cross-sectional area and velocity of blood flow in the circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

As total cross-sectional area increases, velocity decreases.

Question 5

Which pressure is primarily responsible for filtration out of capillaries into the interstitial fluid?

Accepted Answer

Capillary hydrostatic pressure ($$P_{cap})$$

Question 6

If the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus constricts, what happens to glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

Accepted Answer

GFR decreases due to reduced blood flow into the glomerulus.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of plasma proteins

Question 8

Which equation relates the three processes of the kidney: filtration, reabsorption, and secretion?

Accepted Answer

$$Excretion = Filtration - Reabsorption + Secretion$$

Question 9

A patient has a plasma glucose concentration above the renal threshold. What will happen to the glucose in the filtrate?

Accepted Answer

Some glucose will be excreted in the urine.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the effect of increased sympathetic nervous system activity on the heart and arterioles?

Accepted Answer

Increased heart rate, increased force of contraction, and vasoconstriction.

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the flow of filtrate through the nephron?

Accepted Answer

Bowman's capsule → Proximal tubule → Loop of Henle → Distal tubule → Collecting duct

Question 12

Which pressure opposes filtration in the glomerulus?

Accepted Answer

Bowman's capsule hydrostatic pressure ($$P_{BC})$$

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the effect of increased parasympathetic activity on the heart?

Accepted Answer

Decreased heart rate and force of contraction

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)?

Accepted Answer

Renin release leads to increased blood pressure via angiotensin II.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the main driving force for reabsorption of water in the nephron?

Accepted Answer

Osmotic gradient created by sodium reabsorption

Question 16

Which of the following is the best definition of renal clearance?

Accepted Answer

The volume of plasma from which a substance is completely removed per unit time

Question 17

Which of the following would increase glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

Accepted Answer

Dilation of the afferent arteriole

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the effect of increased colloid osmotic pressure in the plasma on capillary exchange?

Accepted Answer

It increases reabsorption into the capillaries.

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding the movement of molecules during renal secretion?

Accepted Answer

Molecules move from the peritubular capillaries into the nephron tubule.

Blood Flow, Blood Pressure Regulation, and Renal System Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions