Q: Which of the following is the correct formula for cardiac output, and what does each variable represent?

$$CO = SV \times HR$$, where SV is stroke volume and HR is heart rate

Question 1

A patient presents with a decreased number of platelets and frequent nosebleeds. Which of the following terms best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

Thrombocytopenia

Question 2

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining the osmotic pressure of blood, and what would likely happen if its concentration decreased significantly?

Accepted Answer

Albumin; fluid would accumulate in tissues causing edema

Question 3

A 7-year-old boy is diagnosed with hemophilia. Which of the following statements best explains why this disease is more common in males?

Accepted Answer

It is transmitted by the X chromosome, and males have only one X chromosome

Question 4

A patient’s differential WBC count shows elevated eosinophils. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Allergy or parasitic worm infection

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the sequence of events in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation

Question 6

A patient with type AB+ blood is in need of a transfusion. Which of the following statements is correct regarding their compatibility?

Accepted Answer

They can receive blood from any donor type

Question 7

A newborn develops erythroblastosis fetalis. Which of the following scenarios most likely led to this condition?

Accepted Answer

Mother is Rh- and baby is Rh+, during a second pregnancy

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of the papillary muscles in the heart?

Accepted Answer

They contract to prevent inversion of the AV valves during ventricular contraction

Question 9

During which phase of the cardiac cycle are all heart valves closed and ventricular pressure is rising, but no blood is ejected?

Accepted Answer

Isovolumetric contraction

Question 10

A blockage in the left anterior descending (anterior interventricular) artery would most likely result in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Ischemia of the interventricular septum and anterior walls of both ventricles

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of the sinoatrial (SA) node?

Accepted Answer

It acts as the pacemaker, initiating each heartbeat

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct formula for cardiac output, and what does each variable represent?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = SV 	imes HR$$, where SV is stroke volume and HR is heart rate

Question 13

An athlete has a resting heart rate of 50 beats per minute and a stroke volume of 100 mL. What is their cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = 50 	imes 100 = 5000 mL/$$min

Question 14

Which of the following chemicals would most likely cause an increase in blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 15

A patient is experiencing severe blood loss (hemorrhage) and goes into shock. What is the body's immediate response to maintain blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Constriction of blood vessels

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why blood is considered an atypical connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

It is a liquid tissue but contains the same elements as other connective tissues; solid fibers appear only during clotting

Question 17

Which of the following blood vessels is responsible for supplying oxygenated blood to the brain and is a branch of the common carotid artery?

Accepted Answer

Internal carotid artery

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the effect of blood doping on peripheral resistance?

Accepted Answer

It increases peripheral resistance because the blood becomes more viscous

Question 19

A patient with essential hypertension has a blood pressure of 145/95 mmHg. Which of the following is true regarding the cause of their condition?

Accepted Answer

The cause is unknown

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a blood vessel and the organ it supplies?

Accepted Answer

Internal iliac artery – uterus

Blood, Heart, and Blood Vessels: ANP Study Guide (Chapters 17-19)

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