Question 1

Which of the following best describes the final step in the coagulation cascade during hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin by thrombin

Question 2

A patient receives a transfusion of incompatible blood. Which process is most likely to occur, and why is it dangerous?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination and hemolysis due to recipient antibodies binding donor RBC antigens

Question 3

Which of the following statements about blood typing is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Blood typing involves mixing a drop of blood with antiserum to observe for agglutination

Question 4

A woman with blood type O- is pregnant with a fetus who is Rh+. Which of the following best explains why her second Rh+ pregnancy is at risk for hemolytic disease of the newborn?

Accepted Answer

She develops anti-Rh antibodies after exposure to fetal blood, which can cross the placenta in subsequent pregnancies

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of plasmin in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Plasmin destroys the fibrin clot during fibrinolysis

Question 6

Why is it important to always cross-match blood before transfusion, even if the donor is type O- or AB?

Accepted Answer

Because there are more than 100 RBC antigens and 24 blood groups that could cause reactions

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Fibrinogen} \xrightarrow{\mathrm{Thrombin}} \mathrm{Fibrin}$$

Question 8

A patient with type AB blood can safely receive RBC transfusions from which of the following blood types?

Accepted Answer

Type A, B, AB, or O

Question 9

During clot retraction, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

Platelets pull on fibrin strands, tightening the clot and bringing wound edges closer

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why type O- blood is considered the universal donor for RBC transfusions?

Accepted Answer

Type O- RBCs have no A, B, or Rh antigens on their surface

Question 11

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the process of fibrinolysis?

Accepted Answer

It restores circulation by breaking down the fibrin clot

Question 12

A patient with anemia is given a transfusion of packed RBCs. Why is this preferred over whole blood?

Accepted Answer

Packed RBCs lack plasma, reducing the risk of antibody-mediated reactions

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the relationship between thrombin and plasmin in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Thrombin activates plasminogen to plasmin, which then breaks down the clot

Question 14

A laboratory technician mixes a patient's blood with anti-A and anti-B antisera. The blood agglutinates with anti-A but not with anti-B. What is the patient's ABO blood type?

Accepted Answer

Type A

Question 15

Which of the following is a direct consequence of agglutination during an incompatible blood transfusion?

Accepted Answer

Destruction (hemolysis) of donor red blood cells

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why individuals do not have antibodies against their own blood type?

Accepted Answer

The immune system does not produce antibodies against self-antigens

Question 17

Which of the following equations correctly represents the activation of plasmin from plasminogen?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Plasminogen} \xrightarrow{\mathrm{Thrombin}} \mathrm{Plasmin}$$

Question 18

A newborn develops hemolytic disease due to Rh incompatibility. Which of the following treatments can prevent this condition in future pregnancies?

Accepted Answer

Administration of RHOGAM (anti-Rh antibodies) to the mother

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the ABO blood group system is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Type AB blood has no anti-A or anti-B antibodies in plasma

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the composition of a blood clot?

Accepted Answer

A gel network of insoluble fibrin strands trapping red blood cells

Blood: Hemostasis, Blood Groups, and Transfusion Reactions

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