Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of vitamin K in the coagulation cascade?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of four clotting factors, including prothrombin.

Question 2

A patient with liver disease is at increased risk of bleeding because:

Accepted Answer

The liver cannot produce bile, which is needed to absorb vitamin K for clotting factor synthesis.

Question 3

During the process of fibrinolysis, which enzyme is responsible for breaking down the fibrin mesh?

Accepted Answer

Plasmin

Question 4

Which of the following mechanisms helps limit the size of a blood clot under normal physiological conditions?

Accepted Answer

Swift removal and dilution of clotting factors by flowing blood

Question 5

A patient receives a transfusion of mismatched blood. Which of the following is the primary cause of a transfusion reaction?

Accepted Answer

Recipient's agglutinins (antibodies) attack donor RBCs with foreign antigens.

Question 6

Which blood type is considered the universal donor, and why?

Accepted Answer

Type O, because it lacks both A and B antigens on RBCs.

Question 7

A woman who is Rh- becomes pregnant with an Rh+ fetus. What is the risk if she is not treated with RhoGAM?

Accepted Answer

She may develop anti-Rh antibodies that attack fetal RBCs, causing erythroblastosis fetalis.

Question 8

Which phase of coagulation involves the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin?

Accepted Answer

Phase 2

Question 9

A patient with a deficiency in factor VIII would most likely be diagnosed with:

Accepted Answer

Hemophilia A

Question 10

Which of the following is a direct effect of thrombin during the coagulation cascade?

Accepted Answer

Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

Question 11

A patient with thrombocytopenia is at risk for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Prolonged bleeding due to insufficient platelet plug formation

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why packed red blood cells (PRBCs) are used for treating anemia rather than whole blood?

Accepted Answer

PRBCs restore oxygen-carrying capacity without unnecessary plasma volume.

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the intrinsic pathway of coagulation?

Accepted Answer

It is triggered by negatively charged surfaces such as collagen and activated platelets.

Question 14

What is the main function of antithrombin III in the regulation of hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

It inactivates any escaping thrombin to prevent excessive clotting.

Question 15

Which of the following equations correctly represents the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin in the coagulation cascade?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Prothrombin} \xrightarrow{\mathrm{Prothrombin\ Activator}} \mathrm{Thrombin}$$

Question 16

A patient with blood type AB is considered the universal recipient because:

Accepted Answer

Their plasma does not contain anti-A or anti-B antibodies.

Question 17

Which of the following is a risk factor for thromboembolic disorders?

Accepted Answer

Atherosclerosis

Question 18

Which of the following statements about blood typing and cross-matching is correct?

Accepted Answer

Cross-matching involves mixing recipient's serum with donor RBCs to check for agglutination.

Question 19

Which of the following would NOT be a serious concern during a transfusion reaction?

Accepted Answer

Donor antibodies attacking recipient RBCs.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of clot retraction?

Accepted Answer

Platelet actin and myosin contract, pulling on fibrin strands and squeezing serum from the clot.

Blood: Hemostasis, Clotting, and Transfusion – Anatomy & Physiology I Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions