Question 1

A healthy 70-kg adult male has approximately how many liters of blood, and what percentage of his body weight does this represent?

Accepted Answer

About 5 liters, representing roughly 7% of body weight

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the composition of plasma?

Accepted Answer

Plasma is mostly water, with dissolved proteins, nutrients, hormones, and waste products

Question 3

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 4

Where are most plasma proteins synthesized?

Accepted Answer

In the liver

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a main cellular element of blood?

Accepted Answer

Neurons

Question 6

Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells are primarily found in which location in adults?

Accepted Answer

Red bone marrow

Question 7

Which cytokine is most directly involved in stimulating the production of red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin

Question 8

A patient has a red blood cell count of $$5 	imes 10^6$ cells per microliter. How does this compare to the typical white blood cell and platelet counts?

Accepted Answer

RBC count is much higher than both WBC and platelet counts

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why mature red blood cells lack a nucleus?

Accepted Answer

To maximize space for hemoglobin and increase oxygen transport

Question 10

What is the primary source of ATP for mature red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic glycolysis

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the structure of hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

A protein with four polypeptide chains, each containing a heme group

Question 12

Which of the following is a major cause of anemia?

Accepted Answer

Iron deficiency

Question 13

What is the relationship between heme, bilirubin, and bile?

Accepted Answer

Heme is broken down into bilirubin, which is then excreted in bile

Question 14

Which process is responsible for the formation of platelets from megakaryocytes?

Accepted Answer

Fragmentation of megakaryocyte cytoplasm

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a step in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoiesis

Question 16

During coagulation, which enzyme converts fibrinogen to fibrin?

Accepted Answer

Thrombin

Question 17

Which chemical released by platelets acts as a vasoconstrictor during hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Question 18

Which of the following is a known endogenous anticoagulant?

Accepted Answer

Antithrombin III

Question 19

Hemophilia is most commonly caused by a deficiency in which clotting factor?

Accepted Answer

Factor VIII

Question 20

A patient with sickle cell disease has abnormal hemoglobin. What is the primary consequence of this abnormality?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cells become rigid and sickle-shaped, leading to impaired blood flow

Chapter 16: Blood

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