Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of hematocrit ($H$) given the volume of erythrocytes ($V_e$) and the total blood volume ($V_t$)?

$H = \frac{V_e}{V_t} \times 100$

Question 1

A patient is found to have a deficiency in albumin. Which of the following physiological problems is most likely to result from this deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Edema due to decreased osmotic pressure in the blood

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the function of transport proteins in plasma?

Accepted Answer

They bind and transport hydrophobic compounds through the blood.

Question 3

A blood sample is centrifuged and separates into three layers. Which layer contains the majority of leukocytes and platelets?

Accepted Answer

Buffy coat

Question 4

A person with type AB- blood can safely receive blood from which of the following donors?

Accepted Answer

A-, B-, AB-, and O-

Question 5

During hemostasis, which step immediately follows the formation of the platelet plug?

Accepted Answer

Coagulation cascade

Question 6

Which plasma component is primarily responsible for maintaining the acid-base balance in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Ions

Question 7

A patient with sickle cell disease has abnormally shaped erythrocytes. Which of the following is a likely consequence of this abnormality?

Accepted Answer

Impaired oxygen delivery to tissues

Question 8

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of hematocrit ($H$) given the volume of erythrocytes ($V_e$) and the total blood volume ($V_t$)?

Accepted Answer

$H = \frac{V_e}{V_t} 	imes 100$

Question 9

A patient is experiencing excessive bleeding after a minor injury. Laboratory tests reveal a deficiency in clotting proteins. Which plasma component is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Clotting proteins

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why a person with type O- blood is considered a universal donor for red blood cell transfusions?

Accepted Answer

Their erythrocytes lack A, B, and Rh antigens.

Question 11

Which step of hemostasis involves the enzymatic conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin?

Accepted Answer

Coagulation cascade

Question 12

A patient with liver failure is likely to have problems with which of the following blood functions?

Accepted Answer

Production of clotting proteins

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the coagulation cascade?

Accepted Answer

Prothrombin is converted to thrombin, then fibrinogen is converted to fibrin

Question 14

A patient receives a transfusion of type B+ blood but is type A-. What is the most likely immediate consequence?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination and hemolysis of donor erythrocytes

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of platelets in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

They form a temporary plug to stop bleeding.

Question 16

Which plasma component is primarily responsible for transporting small amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide?

Accepted Answer

Dissolved gases

Question 17

A patient with anemia is found to have a low hematocrit. Which of the following best explains this finding?

Accepted Answer

There is a decreased percentage of erythrocytes in the blood.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of immune proteins in plasma?

Accepted Answer

They function in immunity and are produced by leukocytes.

Question 19

A patient with a genetic mutation that prevents the production of functional erythropoietin would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Decreased erythrocyte production

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why waste products are transported in plasma?

Accepted Answer

To deliver them to the appropriate organ for excretion

Blood: Structure, Composition, and Function (Chapter 19 Study Notes)

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