$$ \text{Hematocrit} = \frac{\text{Volume of RBCs}}{\text{Total Blood Volume}} \times 100 $$

$$ \text{Hematocrit} = \frac{2.25}{5} \times 100 = 45\% $$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Production of energy via cellular respiration

Question 2

Blood plasma is approximately 90% water. Which of the following is NOT a major plasma protein found in blood?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin

Question 3

A patient’s hematocrit is measured at 40%. What does this value represent?

Accepted Answer

The percentage of red blood cells in the blood

Question 4

Which structural feature of erythrocytes (red blood cells) is most critical for their function in gas exchange?

Accepted Answer

Biconcave disk shape increasing surface area

Question 5

Each hemoglobin molecule can carry how many oxygen molecules?

Accepted Answer

4

Question 6

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating erythrocyte production in the bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 7

A decrease in blood oxygen levels triggers which homeostatic response?

Accepted Answer

Increased erythropoietin release

Question 8

Which of the following correctly lists the five classes of leukocytes in order of relative abundance?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils

Question 9

Which process allows leukocytes to move from the bloodstream into the interstitial fluid at sites of infection?

Accepted Answer

Diapedesis

Question 10

Positive chemotaxis in neutrophils and macrophages refers to:

Accepted Answer

Movement toward higher concentrations of chemical signals

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, blood clotting

Question 12

A patient with a genetic deficiency in fibrinogen would most likely have problems with which stage of hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Blood clotting (coagulation)

Question 13

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of hematocrit?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Hematocrit} = \frac{	ext{Volume of RBCs}}{	ext{Total Blood Volume}} 	imes 100 $$

Question 14

Which plasma protein is most important for maintaining osmotic pressure in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 15

A patient is experiencing chronic blood loss. Which hormone would you expect to be elevated in their blood?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of diapedesis?

Accepted Answer

Leukocytes adhere to the endothelium and squeeze between endothelial cells into the interstitial fluid

Question 17

Which leukocyte is most abundant in a normal blood sample and is primarily responsible for phagocytosis of bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 18

A person has a total blood volume of 5 liters and a red blood cell volume of 2.25 liters. What is their hematocrit?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Hematocrit} = \frac{2.25}{5} 	imes 100 = 45\% $$

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why erythrocytes lack nuclei and most organelles?

Accepted Answer

To increase their flexibility and maximize space for hemoglobin

Question 20

During a severe infection, which process allows neutrophils to exit the bloodstream and migrate toward the site of infection?

Accepted Answer

Diapedesis and positive chemotaxis

Blood: Structure, Function, and Cellular Components

Study Guide - Practice Questions