$$\text{Prothrombin} \xrightarrow{\text{Prothrombinase}} \text{Thrombin}$$

Question 1

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining blood osmotic pressure and viscosity?

Accepted Answer

Albumens

Question 2

A patient with liver failure is likely to have a deficiency in which plasma protein, and what is a possible consequence?

Accepted Answer

Albumens; decreased blood osmotic pressure leading to edema

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of erythrocyte biconcave shape?

Accepted Answer

Increases surface area for gas exchange and enables flexibility through capillaries

Question 4

What is the correct sequence of red blood cell formation from stem cell to mature erythrocyte?

Accepted Answer

Hemocytoblast → Erythrocyte colony forming unit (CFU) → Erythroblast → Reticulocyte → Erythrocyte

Question 5

Which hormone regulates erythropoiesis and what organ produces it?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin; kidney

Question 6

A patient with chronic kidney disease is likely to have which hematological abnormality and why?

Accepted Answer

Anemia due to decreased erythropoietin production

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of neutrophils?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytize antibody-marked bacteria and release prostaglandins

Question 8

Which leukocyte type increases during allergic reactions and helps reduce inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophils

Question 9

What is the primary function of platelets in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Form a plug at the site of injury and release chemicals for clotting

Question 10

Which pathway of blood clotting is initiated by tissue damage and is faster?

Accepted Answer

Extrinsic pathway

Question 11

During the breakdown of red blood cells, what happens to the heme portion of hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

It is converted to bilirubin and excreted in bile

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct description of multipotent stem cells?

Accepted Answer

They are capable of forming different tissues from the germ layers

Question 13

Which plasma protein is essential for blood clotting?

Accepted Answer

Fibrinogen

Question 14

What is the effect of rapid blood flow on clot formation?

Accepted Answer

It prevents platelets from sticking and reduces clot formation

Question 15

Which leukocyte is most abundant and first to arrive at the site of injury?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 16

Which cell type is responsible for humoral immunity and antibody production?

Accepted Answer

B cells

Question 17

A patient with hypothyroidism is found to have an increased number of which leukocyte?

Accepted Answer

Basophils

Question 18

Which of the following equations correctly represents the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin in the common pathway of coagulation?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Prothrombin} \xrightarrow{	ext{Prothrombinase}} 	ext{Thrombin}$$

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of monocytes after leaving the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

They become macrophages and engulf microbes and debris

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of NK cells?

Accepted Answer

Detect and destroy abnormal tissue cells such as cancer

Blood: Structure, Function, and Cellular Components

Study Guide - Practice Questions