Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin during coagulation?

$\text{Prothrombin} + \text{PF}_3 + \text{Ca}^{2+} \rightarrow \text{Thrombin}$

Q: Which of the following equations represents the relationship between blood volume and body weight in a healthy adult?

$\text{Blood Volume} = 0.08 \times \text{Body Weight}$

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why erythrocytes are efficient at transporting oxygen throughout the body?

Accepted Answer

They are biconcave and lack a nucleus, maximizing surface area for gas exchange.

Question 2

A patient presents with a WBC count of 15,000/mm³ and symptoms of fever and inflammation. Which condition is most likely indicated?

Accepted Answer

Leukocytosis

Question 3

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 4

A person with blood type AB can safely receive blood from which of the following types?

Accepted Answer

Types A, B, AB, and O

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly represents the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin during coagulation?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{Prothrombin} + 	ext{PF}_3 + 	ext{Ca}^{2+} ightarrow 	ext{Thrombin}$

Question 6

A newborn develops jaundice due to the inability of the liver to process hemoglobin breakdown products. Which type of hemoglobin is primarily involved in this process?

Accepted Answer

Fetal hemoglobin

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of neutrophils in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They act as phagocytes at active sites of infection.

Question 8

A patient with thrombocytopenia is at risk for which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty in stopping bleeding from minor injuries

Question 9

Which hormone is released by the kidneys in response to low blood oxygen levels, stimulating erythrocyte production?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin

Question 10

If a mother is Rh negative and her baby is Rh positive, what is the risk during a second pregnancy if no intervention is taken?

Accepted Answer

The baby may develop hemolytic disease of the newborn due to maternal antibodies.

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of monocytes?

Accepted Answer

They function as macrophages and are important in fighting chronic infection.

Question 13

A blood sample is centrifuged. Which layer contains the majority of leukocytes and platelets?

Accepted Answer

Buffy coat

Question 14

Which of the following equations represents the relationship between blood volume and body weight in a healthy adult?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{Blood Volume} = 0.08 	imes 	ext{Body Weight}$

Question 15

Which of the following is a consequence of polycythemia?

Accepted Answer

Excessive or abnormal increase in the number of erythrocytes

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding the ABO blood group system?

Accepted Answer

Type A blood has only A antigen.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of fibrin in blood clotting?

Accepted Answer

It forms a meshwork that serves as the basis for a clot.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of plasma proteins produced by the liver?

Accepted Answer

Regulating osmotic pressure and aiding in blood clotting

Question 19

A patient receives a transfusion of mismatched blood. Which process is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination of erythrocytes due to antibody-antigen reaction

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why blood pH must remain between 7.35 and 7.45?

Accepted Answer

To maintain optimal enzyme activity and cellular function

Blood: Structure, Function, and Clinical Aspects

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