$Hct = \frac{\text{Volume of RBCs}}{\text{Total Blood Volume}} \times 100$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of erythrocytes (RBCs) in blood?

Accepted Answer

To transport oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and tissues

Question 2

A patient presents with a hematocrit of 60%. Which of the following conditions is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Polycythemia

Question 3

Which plasma protein is most abundant and plays a major role in maintaining osmotic pressure?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 4

A person with iron deficiency anemia is likely to have which of the following laboratory findings?

Accepted Answer

Decreased hematocrit and hemoglobin levels

Question 5

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the breakdown of hemoglobin from old erythrocytes?

Accepted Answer

Globin to amino acids, heme to bilirubin, iron stored as ferritin

Question 6

Which hormone is released by the kidneys in response to hypoxia and stimulates erythropoiesis?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 7

A patient with sickle-cell anemia is less likely to contract malaria. What is the genetic basis for this protection?

Accepted Answer

Having one mutated hemoglobin S allele and one normal allele

Question 8

Which of the following white blood cells is most abundant and acts as a 'bacteria slayer' by producing oxidizing substances?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils

Question 9

A patient is found to have a high eosinophil count. Which condition is most likely associated with this finding?

Accepted Answer

Parasitic worm infection or allergies

Question 10

Which of the following statements about platelets is correct?

Accepted Answer

Platelets are cell fragments derived from megakaryocytes

Question 11

During the process of hemostasis, which step immediately follows the formation of the platelet plug?

Accepted Answer

Coagulation (formation of fibrin mesh)

Question 12

A patient with Rh-negative blood receives Rh-positive blood during a transfusion. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Development of anti-Rh antibodies and risk of hemolytic reaction in future transfusions

Question 13

Which of the following equations correctly calculates hematocrit ($Hct$) as a percentage?

Accepted Answer

$Hct = \frac{	ext{Volume of RBCs}}{	ext{Total Blood Volume}} 	imes 100$

Question 14

Which of the following is a direct effect of albumin in blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

Maintains osmotic pressure and acts as a buffer

Question 15

A patient at high altitude develops secondary polycythemia. Which physiological mechanism explains this adaptation?

Accepted Answer

Increased erythropoietin production due to low oxygen availability

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of antithrombin III in blood coagulation?

Accepted Answer

It inactivates unbound thrombin to limit clot growth

Question 17

A patient with aplastic anemia is most likely to have which of the following laboratory findings?

Accepted Answer

Low RBC, WBC, and platelet counts

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct order of leukocyte abundance in normal blood, from most to least?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils

Question 19

Which diagnostic blood test would be most useful to evaluate a patient for anemia?

Accepted Answer

Complete blood count (CBC) including hematocrit and hemoglobin

Blood: Structure, Function, and Components (Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 16 Study Notes)

Study Guide - Practice Questions