Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of erythrocytes (RBCs) in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Carry oxygen from the lungs to tissues and remove carbon dioxide from tissues

Question 2

A patient presents with fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath. Laboratory tests reveal a low hemoglobin concentration and microcytic red blood cells. Which type of anemia is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Iron deficiency anemia

Question 3

Which plasma protein is most abundant and plays a major role in maintaining osmotic pressure?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 4

During the process of erythropoiesis, which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating red blood cell production in the bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 5

A blood sample is centrifuged. Which layer contains the majority of leukocytes and platelets?

Accepted Answer

Buffy coat

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly represents the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin during coagulation?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{Prothrombin} \xrightarrow{\mathrm{Prothrombin\ Activator}} \mathrm{Thrombin}$

Question 7

A patient with a deficiency in factor VIII would most likely be diagnosed with which condition?

Accepted Answer

Hemophilia A

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why albumin is important for maintaining blood volume?

Accepted Answer

It contributes to osmotic pressure, preventing excessive fluid loss from blood vessels

Question 9

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation

Question 10

A person living at high altitude develops secondary polycythemia. What is the physiological reason for this adaptation?

Accepted Answer

Increased erythropoietin production due to low oxygen levels

Question 11

Which of the following statements about leukocytes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Leukocytes can leave blood vessels and enter tissues by diapedesis

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of platelets in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

They form a temporary plug at the site of blood vessel injury

Question 13

A patient with liver disease is at risk for bleeding disorders primarily because:

Accepted Answer

The liver cannot synthesize clotting factors

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct description of the ABO blood group antigens?

Accepted Answer

They are proteins found on the surface of erythrocytes

Question 15

Which of the following equations represents the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin during blood clotting?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{Fibrinogen} \xrightarrow{\mathrm{Thrombin}} \mathrm{Fibrin}$

Question 16

A patient with a WBC count above 10,000 per cubic millimeter is most likely experiencing:

Accepted Answer

Leukocytosis

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of blood that helps regulate body temperature?

Accepted Answer

Transporting heat generated in muscles to other parts of the body

Question 18

Which of the following best explains the difference between plasma and serum?

Accepted Answer

Plasma contains clotting proteins, serum does not

Question 19

A patient receives a transfusion of incompatible blood. Which immune response is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination of erythrocytes due to antibody-antigen reaction

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of fibrinolysis?

Accepted Answer

Conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, which digests fibrin and dissolves the clot

Blood: Structure, Function, and Composition

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards