Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of hematocrit ($H$) as a percentage?

$$H = \frac{\text{Volume of RBCs}}{\text{Total Blood Volume}} \times 100$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones

Question 2

A patient has a hematocrit of 60%. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of blood clotting due to higher viscosity

Question 3

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining the osmotic pressure of blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 4

A blood sample is centrifuged and separates into three layers. Which layer contains the leukocytes and platelets?

Accepted Answer

Buffy coat

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the structure of hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

Four polypeptide chains, each with a heme group

Question 6

A person living at high altitude develops secondary polycythemia. What is the physiological reason for this adaptation?

Accepted Answer

Reduced oxygen availability stimulates erythropoietin release

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of hematocrit ($H$) as a percentage?

Accepted Answer

$$H = \frac{	ext{Volume of RBCs}}{	ext{Total Blood Volume}} 	imes 100$$

Question 8

A patient presents with fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath. Laboratory tests reveal microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells. Which type of anemia is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Iron-deficiency anemia

Question 9

Which of the following statements about erythrocytes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They are biconcave discs that lack organelles

Question 10

Which hormone directly stimulates erythropoiesis in the bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 11

A patient with chronic kidney disease is likely to develop which blood disorder, and why?

Accepted Answer

Anemia, due to decreased EPO production

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why erythrocytes are highly efficient at transporting oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Their biconcave shape increases surface area for gas exchange

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of leukocytes (white blood cells)?

Accepted Answer

Defending the body against pathogens

Question 14

A patient is diagnosed with leukemia. Which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

Overproduction of abnormal white blood cells

Question 15

Which of the following nutrients is NOT directly required for erythropoiesis?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of platelets in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

They form a temporary plug to seal breaks in blood vessels

Question 17

A patient with sickle-cell anemia has a mutation in which component of hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

The beta globin chain

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why athletes might abuse artificial erythropoietin (EPO)?

Accepted Answer

To increase red blood cell production and enhance oxygen delivery

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the development of granulocytes during leukopoiesis?

Accepted Answer

Myeloblast → Promyelocyte → Myelocyte → Band cell → Mature cell

Question 20

A patient with abnormally low white blood cell count is said to have which condition?

Accepted Answer

Leukopenia

Blood: Structure, Function, and Composition – Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology II

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