$2.2\,L$ \text{ (since } 5\,L \times 0.44 = 2.2\,L\text{)}

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a main function of blood as described in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones for endocrine signaling

Question 2

A patient has a blood pH of 7.2. Based on the normal blood pH range, how would you classify this condition?

Accepted Answer

Acidosis, since it is below the normal range

Question 3

Which component makes up the largest percentage of blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

Water

Question 4

Red blood cells (erythrocytes) are uniquely suited for oxygen transport because they:

Accepted Answer

Are anucleate and lack organelles, providing more room for hemoglobin

Question 5

Each hemoglobin (Hb) molecule can bind up to how many oxygen molecules, and why?

Accepted Answer

4, because each of the 4 heme groups can bind 1 oxygen molecule

Question 6

A patient with chronic kidney disease is likely to develop anemia because:

Accepted Answer

The kidneys cannot produce enough erythropoietin to stimulate RBC production

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the process of hematopoiesis?

Accepted Answer

Formation of blood cells in the red bone marrow from stem cells

Question 8

A person with iron-deficiency anemia would most likely have which of the following laboratory findings?

Accepted Answer

Decreased red blood cell count and low hemoglobin

Question 9

Sickle cell disease is caused by:

Accepted Answer

Abnormal hemoglobin that causes RBCs to sickle and rupture

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why red blood cells are recycled after about 120 days?

Accepted Answer

They lose their ability to divide and repair themselves due to lack of a nucleus

Question 11

A patient presents with fatigue and pallor. Lab results show low hematocrit and low vitamin B12. Which type of anemia is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Pernicious anemia

Question 12

If a person has a total blood volume of $5\,L$ and a hematocrit of $44\%$, what is the approximate volume of red blood cells in their body?

Accepted Answer

$2.2\,L$ 	ext{ (since } 5\,L 	imes 0.44 = 2.2\,L	ext{)}

Question 13

Which of the following is required for effective erythropoiesis?

Accepted Answer

Adequate amounts of iron, amino acids, and B vitamins

Question 14

A patient with sickle cell trait has:

Accepted Answer

One mutated allele for hemoglobin

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the fate of heme after red blood cell destruction?

Accepted Answer

It is converted to bilirubin and excreted via the digestive and urinary systems

Question 16

If erythropoietin production is increased, what is the expected effect on red blood cell count?

Accepted Answer

RBC count will increase

Question 17

Which of the following is a direct stimulus for erythropoietin release from the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Low blood oxygen (hypoxia)

Question 18

A patient with a mutation causing abnormal hemoglobin that leads to RBC rupture is at risk for which complication?

Accepted Answer

Sickle cell anemia

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why individuals with sickle cell anemia experience pain and organ damage?

Accepted Answer

Sickled RBCs block small blood vessels, reducing oxygen delivery to tissues

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct sequence in the recycling of hemoglobin after erythrocyte death?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin $ \rightarrow $ heme $ \rightarrow $ bilirubin $ \rightarrow $ excretion

Blood: Structure, Function, and Disorders (Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes)

Study Guide - Practice Questions