Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of erythrocytes (red blood cells) in the human body?

Accepted Answer

To transport oxygen from the lungs to tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs

Question 2

A patient presents with fatigue and pallor. Laboratory tests reveal a low hematocrit and microcytic, hypochromic erythrocytes. Which type of anemia is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Iron-deficiency anemia

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm → platelet plug formation → coagulation

Question 4

Which of the following statements about hemoglobin is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Each heme group can bind one molecule of oxygen

Question 5

A person with type AB blood can safely receive blood from which of the following donors?

Accepted Answer

All blood types (A, B, AB, O)

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why individuals with sickle cell disease experience pain and organ damage?

Accepted Answer

Sickled erythrocytes block small blood vessels, reducing oxygen delivery to tissues

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between blood pH and hydrogen ion concentration?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = -\log_{10}[H^+]$$

Question 8

A newborn develops hemolytic disease due to Rh incompatibility. Which scenario is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Rh- mother with Rh+ infant during second pregnancy

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of erythropoietin in erythropoiesis?

Accepted Answer

It is released by the kidneys in response to hypoxia and stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of plasma proteins in blood?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining osmotic pressure and transporting substances

Question 11

A patient with leukemia is likely to have which of the following laboratory findings?

Accepted Answer

Increased number of abnormal white blood cells

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between granulocytes and agranulocytes?

Accepted Answer

Granulocytes contain specific-staining granules; agranulocytes do not

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why type O blood is considered the universal donor?

Accepted Answer

Type O blood lacks A and B antigens on erythrocytes

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct order of the steps in the coagulation cascade?

Accepted Answer

Prothrombinase formation → prothrombin to thrombin → fibrinogen to fibrin

Question 15

A patient with a vitamin B12 deficiency is most likely to develop which type of anemia?

Accepted Answer

Pernicious anemia

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the fate of heme after erythrocyte destruction?

Accepted Answer

It is converted to bilirubin and excreted in bile

Question 17

Which of the following white blood cells is primarily responsible for combating parasitic worm infections?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophils

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why leukopenia increases the risk of infection?

Accepted Answer

There are fewer white blood cells to combat pathogens

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-life application of cross-matching blood before transfusion?

Accepted Answer

To prevent agglutination and hemolysis caused by incompatible antigens and antibodies

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of platelets in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

They adhere to exposed collagen and each other to form a temporary plug

Blood: Structure, Function, and Disorders (Chapter 19 Study Notes)

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