Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation?

$$\text{Fibrinogen} \xrightarrow{\text{Thrombin}} \text{Fibrin}$$

Q: Which of the following equations represents the buffer system that helps maintain blood pH?

$$\text{CO}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \leftrightarrow \text{H}_2\text{CO}_3 \leftrightarrow \text{H}^+ + \text{HCO}_3^-$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of blood in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Producing hormones for endocrine organs

Question 2

A patient presents with pallor, fatigue, and dyspnea. Laboratory tests reveal microcytic, pale erythrocytes. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Iron deficiency anemia

Question 3

Which plasma protein is most responsible for maintaining plasma osmotic pressure?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 4

A blood sample shows a hematocrit of 25%. What does this most likely indicate?

Accepted Answer

Anemia

Question 5

Which hormone stimulates erythropoiesis in response to low oxygen levels?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 6

A patient with chronic kidney disease is likely to develop anemia primarily because:

Accepted Answer

The kidneys cannot produce enough erythropoietin

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Fibrinogen} \xrightarrow{	ext{Thrombin}} 	ext{Fibrin}$$

Question 8

Which leukocyte is most abundant in normal blood and is primarily responsible for phagocytosis of bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 9

A patient develops widespread clotting in small blood vessels followed by severe bleeding due to depletion of clotting factors. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of platelets in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

They form a temporary plug at the site of vessel injury

Question 11

A patient receives a blood transfusion and develops renal failure due to agglutination of donor erythrocytes. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Recipient's plasma antibodies attacked donor RBC antigens

Question 12

Which of the following is a hereditary disorder characterized by deficiency of clotting factor VIII?

Accepted Answer

Hemophilia A

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why vitamin K deficiency can lead to bleeding disorders?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K is required for synthesis of several clotting factors

Question 14

Which of the following equations represents the buffer system that helps maintain blood pH?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{CO}_2 + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} \leftrightarrow 	ext{H}_2	ext{CO}_3 \leftrightarrow 	ext{H}^+ + 	ext{HCO}_3^-$$

Question 15

Which of the following is a granulocyte that releases histamine and promotes inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Basophil

Question 16

A patient with a high white blood cell count and many atypical lymphocytes is most likely suffering from:

Accepted Answer

Mononucleosis

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of diapedesis?

Accepted Answer

Movement of leukocytes out of blood vessels into tissue spaces

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm → Platelet plug formation → Coagulation

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why patients with liver cirrhosis are at increased risk of bleeding?

Accepted Answer

The liver cannot synthesize adequate clotting factors

Question 20

A patient with a deficiency of platelets is most likely to present with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Purpura and excessive bleeding

Blood: Structure, Function, and Disorders (Chapter 17 Study Notes)

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