Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of hematocrit ($$Hct) $$given packed red blood cell volume ($$V_{RBC}) $$and total blood volume ($$V_{total}$$)?

$$Hct = \frac{V_{RBC}}{V_{total}} \times 100$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of erythrocytes in the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

Carrying oxygen from the lungs to tissues and facilitating carbon dioxide removal

Question 2

A patient presents with fatigue, pallor, and low hematocrit. Laboratory results show a deficiency in vitamin B12. Which type of anemia is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Pernicious anemia

Question 3

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of hematocrit ($$Hct) $$given packed red blood cell volume ($$V_{RBC}) $$and total blood volume ($$V_{total}$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$Hct = \frac{V_{RBC}}{V_{total}} 	imes 100$$

Question 4

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure and transporting substances such as hormones and drugs?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 5

A patient with sickle cell anemia experiences severe pain during a crisis. Which of the following best explains the underlying cause of this pain?

Accepted Answer

Obstruction of small blood vessels by abnormally shaped erythrocytes

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the process of erythropoiesis?

Accepted Answer

The production of erythrocytes from hematopoietic stem cells in the red bone marrow

Question 7

A patient with a genetic mutation resulting in defective hemoglobin synthesis is diagnosed with thalassemia. Which of the following laboratory findings is most consistent with this diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Decreased hemoglobin concentration and microcytic erythrocytes

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between granulocytes and agranulocytes?

Accepted Answer

Granulocytes contain visible cytoplasmic granules; agranulocytes do not

Question 9

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation

Question 10

A patient with type A negative ($$A^-) $$blood receives a transfusion of type AB positive ($$AB^+) $$blood. Which of the following is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination and hemolysis due to anti-B and anti-Rh antibodies

Question 11

Which of the following endogenous factors helps limit the formation of blood clots within intact blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

Prostacyclin

Question 12

A newborn develops jaundice and anemia shortly after birth. The mother is Rh negative and the baby is Rh positive. Which condition best explains these findings?

Accepted Answer

Erythroblastosis fetalis (hemolytic disease of the newborn)

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of platelets in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

They adhere to damaged endothelium and aggregate to form a temporary plug

Question 14

A patient presents with a white blood cell count of 2,000/μL (normal: 4,000–11,000/μL). Which disorder is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Leukopenia

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the fate of heme after erythrocyte destruction?

Accepted Answer

It is converted to bilirubin, which is transported to the liver for excretion

Question 16

Which of the following equations correctly represents the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin ($$O_2$$ capacity) given the hemoglobin concentration ($$[Hb]) $$and the oxygen binding capacity per gram of hemoglobin ($$1.34 mL$$ $$O_2/g$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$O_2$$\ capacity = [Hb] 	imes 1.34$$

Question 17

A patient with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is at risk for which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Simultaneous excessive clotting and bleeding

Question 18

Which of the following best defines an agglutinin?

Accepted Answer

A plasma antibody that reacts with specific erythrocyte antigens

Question 19

A patient with hemophilia A has a deficiency in which clotting factor, and which pathway is primarily affected?

Accepted Answer

Factor VIII; intrinsic pathway

Question 20

A patient with polycythemia vera is at increased risk for which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Thrombus formation due to increased blood viscosity

Blood: Structure, Function, and Disorders (Human Anatomy & Physiology II)

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