Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of plasma proteins in blood?

Accepted Answer

They help maintain osmotic pressure, transport substances, and contribute to blood clotting.

Question 2

A patient has a hematocrit of 60%. Which of the following is the most likely physiological consequence?

Accepted Answer

Increased blood viscosity, which can strain the heart and increase the risk of clot formation.

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the negative feedback loop regulating erythropoiesis?

Accepted Answer

Low oxygen levels $$\rightarrow$$ increased erythropoietin release $$\rightarrow$$ increased RBC production $$\rightarrow$$ increased oxygen delivery $$\rightarrow$$ decreased erythropoietin release

Question 4

A person with type AB blood can safely receive blood from which of the following donors?

Accepted Answer

Type A, type B, type AB, and type O

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why mature erythrocytes lack mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

To prevent the consumption of oxygen they are meant to transport.

Question 6

A patient is diagnosed with pernicious anemia. Which of the following is the most likely underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12 deficiency due to lack of intrinsic factor.

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct order of events in the intrinsic pathway of coagulation?

Accepted Answer

Exposure of collagen $$\rightarrow$$ activation of factor XII $$\rightarrow$$ activation of factor XI $$\rightarrow$$ activation of factor IX $$\rightarrow$$ activation of factor X

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of neutrophils?

Accepted Answer

They phagocytize bacteria and release chemicals that attract other leukocytes to sites of infection.

Question 9

A patient with a deficiency in clotting factor VIII would most likely have which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Hemophilia A

Question 10

Which of the following statements about platelets is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Platelets are derived from megakaryocytes and play a key role in hemostasis.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains the role of fibrin in blood clotting?

Accepted Answer

Fibrin forms a meshwork that stabilizes the platelet plug and traps blood cells to form a clot.

Question 12

A patient with sickle cell disease is most likely to experience which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Increased resistance to malaria and frequent vaso-occlusive crises.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of basophils?

Accepted Answer

They release histamine and heparin to promote inflammation.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the ABO blood group system?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with type AB blood have no antibodies against A or B antigens in their plasma.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why a deficiency in vitamin K can lead to excessive bleeding?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of several clotting factors in the liver.

Question 16

A patient with a bone marrow disorder is unable to produce hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Which of the following blood components would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

All formed elements, including erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of leukocyte diapedesis?

Accepted Answer

Leukocytes squeeze between endothelial cells to exit the bloodstream and enter tissues.

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating hematocrit ($$Hct) $$given the volume of packed red blood cells ($$V_{RBC}) $$and the total blood volume ($$V_{total}$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$Hct = \frac{V_{RBC}}{V_{total}} 	imes 100\%$$

Question 19

A patient with a genetic mutation that prevents the production of intrinsic factor will most likely develop which type of anemia?

Accepted Answer

Pernicious anemia

Blood: Structure, Function, and Hemostasis – Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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